{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995656639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","title":"Cardinality restrictions on concepts","display_name":"Cardinality restrictions on concepts","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995656639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","mag":"1995656639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086254817","display_name":"Franz Baader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-221X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franz Baader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Theoretische Informatik, RWTH Aachen, Ahornstra\u03b2e 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Theoretische Informatik, RWTH Aachen, Ahornstra\u03b2e 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021831010","display_name":"Martin Buchheit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-2039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Buchheit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr KI\u2014DFKI GmbH, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr KI\u2014DFKI GmbH, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097506110","display_name":"Bernhard Hollander","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Hollander","raw_affiliation_strings":["iO Software GmbH, Victoria Haus, Basler Stra\u03b2e 63, 79100 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iO Software GmbH, Victoria Haus, Basler Stra\u03b2e 63, 79100 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086254817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98273724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","first_page":"195","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.823058009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.7660317420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.761526882648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.6878159642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6276847124099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5602982044219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5575599670410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5165371298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.43679940700531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3312050998210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2862924039363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.08464783430099487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.823058009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.7660317420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.761526882648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.6878159642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6276847124099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5602982044219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5575599670410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5165371298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.43679940700531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3312050998210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2862924039363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.08464783430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(96)00010-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus4.hsfu:12945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.hs-furtwangen.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/12945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196512","display_name":"Repository of Futwangen University of Applied Sciences (Furtwangen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I882953328","host_organization_name":"Furtwangen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882953328"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155711394","https://openalex.org/W1512766599","https://openalex.org/W1514356467","https://openalex.org/W1534224569","https://openalex.org/W1536088796","https://openalex.org/W1562022412","https://openalex.org/W1588876385","https://openalex.org/W1590119146","https://openalex.org/W1831842957","https://openalex.org/W1860690667","https://openalex.org/W1936956611","https://openalex.org/W2048953720","https://openalex.org/W2083735344","https://openalex.org/W2110291284","https://openalex.org/W2119669881","https://openalex.org/W2134120846","https://openalex.org/W2158795421","https://openalex.org/W2318875203","https://openalex.org/W2511960067","https://openalex.org/W2611913512","https://openalex.org/W2914442270","https://openalex.org/W2953285398","https://openalex.org/W4236828747","https://openalex.org/W6606386011","https://openalex.org/W6630663215","https://openalex.org/W6630763375","https://openalex.org/W6632156088","https://openalex.org/W6633478096","https://openalex.org/W6635217972","https://openalex.org/W6638696816","https://openalex.org/W6639142149","https://openalex.org/W6640156928","https://openalex.org/W6676319424","https://openalex.org/W6818882484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185974462","https://openalex.org/W1585688349","https://openalex.org/W1851346840","https://openalex.org/W2404739533","https://openalex.org/W255137432","https://openalex.org/W1562922633","https://openalex.org/W1576014289","https://openalex.org/W2108990592","https://openalex.org/W2611046554","https://openalex.org/W1579501393"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}