{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020955676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","title":"Defeasible reasoning with variable degrees of justification","display_name":"Defeasible reasoning with variable degrees of justification","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020955676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","mag":"2020955676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111544418","display_name":"John L. Pollock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John L. Pollock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, PO Box 210027, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","University of Arizona , Tucson#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, PO Box 210027, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona , Tucson#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111544418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93317892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"133","issue":"1-2","first_page":"233","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.8898557424545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defeasible-estate","display_name":"Defeasible estate","score":0.8424423933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.6051955819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defeasible-reasoning","display_name":"Defeasible reasoning","score":0.5868237018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5765433311462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5328600406646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.49086934328079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.332207590341568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3267151713371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2875448763370514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09907206892967224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.8898557424545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193856179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251100","display_name":"Defeasible estate","level":2,"score":0.8424423933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6051955819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140843580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840067","display_name":"Defeasible reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5868237018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5765433311462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5328600406646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49086934328079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.332207590341568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3267151713371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2875448763370514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09907206892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00145-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196139623","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0004-3702","issn":["0004-3702","1872-7921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.295.4477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.295.4477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~horty/courses/readings/pollock-2001-var-deg-just.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.84.8209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.84.8209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://oscarhome.soc-sci.arizona.edu/ftp/PAPERS/Degrees.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100882334","https://openalex.org/W591404106","https://openalex.org/W618815147","https://openalex.org/W1512921847","https://openalex.org/W1519069519","https://openalex.org/W1530372884","https://openalex.org/W1580355372","https://openalex.org/W1936596455","https://openalex.org/W1974785044","https://openalex.org/W1988477946","https://openalex.org/W1996025628","https://openalex.org/W1998363560","https://openalex.org/W2007740709","https://openalex.org/W2020153579","https://openalex.org/W2035636020","https://openalex.org/W2036900631","https://openalex.org/W2050211807","https://openalex.org/W2084840427","https://openalex.org/W2085984027","https://openalex.org/W2090259450","https://openalex.org/W2092338482","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2104351678","https://openalex.org/W2105088885","https://openalex.org/W2118735566","https://openalex.org/W2120465900","https://openalex.org/W2155322595","https://openalex.org/W2156092566","https://openalex.org/W2158216009","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2162788228","https://openalex.org/W2162839994","https://openalex.org/W2489955522","https://openalex.org/W2529906233","https://openalex.org/W2617942944","https://openalex.org/W2797148637","https://openalex.org/W2799002609","https://openalex.org/W2800921033","https://openalex.org/W2904900506","https://openalex.org/W3015417676","https://openalex.org/W3026851316","https://openalex.org/W3032363870","https://openalex.org/W4230310324","https://openalex.org/W4240824175","https://openalex.org/W4246696576","https://openalex.org/W4256682192","https://openalex.org/W4300011412","https://openalex.org/W6604135706","https://openalex.org/W6631827711","https://openalex.org/W6677871789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969415202","https://openalex.org/W2540254214","https://openalex.org/W2810795263","https://openalex.org/W2481680351","https://openalex.org/W2380969826","https://openalex.org/W2098238158","https://openalex.org/W151947385","https://openalex.org/W2077212436","https://openalex.org/W4243507758","https://openalex.org/W2607503585"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
