{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412507335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","title":"Does faster mean greener? Runtime and energy trade-offs in iOS applications with compiler optimizations","display_name":"Does faster mean greener? Runtime and energy trade-offs in iOS applications with compiler optimizations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412507335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764953436","display_name":"Sustainable Computing Informatics and Systems","issn_l":"2210-5379","issn":["2210-5379","2210-5387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012267701","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Arag\u00f3n-Jurado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-8793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-8793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Arag\u00f3n-Jurado","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-8793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063403084","display_name":"Abdul Ali Bangash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-6061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-6061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Ali Bangash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061059522","display_name":"Bernab\u00e8 Dorronsoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-790X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-790X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernab\u00e9 Dorronsoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038781215","display_name":"Karim Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-1376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-1376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021534046","display_name":"Abram Hindle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abram Hindle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000488528","display_name":"Patricia Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-0646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-0646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012267701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.6829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64577152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"101166","last_page":"101166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ios-app","display_name":"iOS app","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-energy-consumption","display_name":"smartphone energy consumption","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runtime-performance","display_name":"runtime performance","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-trade-offs","display_name":"energy trade-offs","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-life","display_name":"battery life","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swift","display_name":"Swift","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llvm","display_name":"LLVM","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-computing","display_name":"green computing","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9250486493110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.7704485654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.550926148891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.44348862767219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42399969696998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.40553081035614014}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764953436","display_name":"Sustainable Computing Informatics and Systems","issn_l":"2210-5379","issn":["2210-5379","2210-5387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rodin.uca.es:10498/36890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400506","display_name":"RODIN (Universidad de C\u00e1diz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","host_organization_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems- 2025, Vol. 47.","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2025.101166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764953436","display_name":"Sustainable Computing Informatics and Systems","issn_l":"2210-5379","issn":["2210-5379","2210-5387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569597955","https://openalex.org/W1984074188","https://openalex.org/W2015941169","https://openalex.org/W2032681711","https://openalex.org/W2062918259","https://openalex.org/W2067771137","https://openalex.org/W2097204446","https://openalex.org/W2136334324","https://openalex.org/W2145373440","https://openalex.org/W2161063493","https://openalex.org/W2171208690","https://openalex.org/W2184060865","https://openalex.org/W2249287816","https://openalex.org/W2257148396","https://openalex.org/W2403863631","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2520292910","https://openalex.org/W2540809380","https://openalex.org/W2554125638","https://openalex.org/W2556782492","https://openalex.org/W2587424867","https://openalex.org/W2795015657","https://openalex.org/W2802584435","https://openalex.org/W2804826778","https://openalex.org/W2805828232","https://openalex.org/W2944565052","https://openalex.org/W2963520355","https://openalex.org/W3000047380","https://openalex.org/W3043821639","https://openalex.org/W3119404638","https://openalex.org/W3129800590","https://openalex.org/W3163661296","https://openalex.org/W4230914898","https://openalex.org/W4232580036","https://openalex.org/W4235789232","https://openalex.org/W4241102044","https://openalex.org/W4243847964","https://openalex.org/W4247985874","https://openalex.org/W4248151333","https://openalex.org/W4252547363","https://openalex.org/W4255973387","https://openalex.org/W4290005096","https://openalex.org/W4294190731","https://openalex.org/W4315836317","https://openalex.org/W4321359614","https://openalex.org/W4386968162","https://openalex.org/W4387340420","https://openalex.org/W4388430442","https://openalex.org/W4397007363","https://openalex.org/W4399433123","https://openalex.org/W4406874869","https://openalex.org/W4407025681","https://openalex.org/W4407157530","https://openalex.org/W4409882995","https://openalex.org/W4411447430","https://openalex.org/W6651961163","https://openalex.org/W6652892353","https://openalex.org/W6668103851","https://openalex.org/W6670219847","https://openalex.org/W6678466420","https://openalex.org/W6724136327","https://openalex.org/W6728445802","https://openalex.org/W6729059792","https://openalex.org/W6732996614","https://openalex.org/W6746245951","https://openalex.org/W6750462687","https://openalex.org/W6764550381","https://openalex.org/W6790790027","https://openalex.org/W6804300146","https://openalex.org/W6838557985","https://openalex.org/W6854581142","https://openalex.org/W6856750483","https://openalex.org/W6866119540","https://openalex.org/W6872714977","https://openalex.org/W7125933401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002505081","https://openalex.org/W2083681681","https://openalex.org/W2577630842","https://openalex.org/W1172579163","https://openalex.org/W1488300410","https://openalex.org/W2138790427","https://openalex.org/W3146558274","https://openalex.org/W4246454774","https://openalex.org/W2162051035","https://openalex.org/W1597127505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartphones":[0],"outnumber":[1],"people":[2],"nowadays,":[3],"requiring":[4],"efficient":[5],"energy":[6,10,74,100,137,154,166,188],"management.":[7],"High":[8],"application":[9,128],"use":[11],"leads":[12],"to":[13,32,39,121],"faster":[14],"battery":[15,23],"drain":[16],"and":[17,25,35,99,165],"frequent":[18],"recharging,":[19],"negatively":[20],"impacting":[21],"both":[22],"life":[24],"the":[26,73,86,89,116,157,183],"environment.":[27],"This":[28,79],"cycle":[29],"also":[30],"contributes":[31],"rising":[33],"electronic":[34],"chemical":[36],"waste":[37],"due":[38],"discarded":[40],"mobile":[41],"phone":[42],"batteries.":[43],"Compiler":[44],"optimization":[45,70],"flags":[46,71],"may":[47],"play":[48],"a":[49,112,161],"crucial":[50],"role":[51],"in":[52,156,175,182],"mitigating":[53],"these":[54],"issues":[55],"by":[56,190,196],"optimizing":[57],"software":[58],"performance.":[59],"However,":[60],"there":[61],"has":[62],"been":[63],"little":[64],"research":[65],"on":[66,85,95,115],"examining":[67],"how":[68],"compiler":[69,93],"impact":[72],"consumption":[75,101,189],"of":[76,88],"smartphone":[77],"applications.":[78,106],"work":[80],"presents":[81],"an":[82,153],"empirical":[83],"study":[84],"effect":[87],"most":[90],"aggressive":[91],"iOS":[92,105],"optimizations":[94,144],"runtime,":[96],"power":[97],"consumption,":[98],"across":[102],"six":[103],"different":[104],"For":[107,168],"each":[108],"application,":[109],"we":[110,119,141,170],"developed":[111],"benchmark":[113],"focused":[114],"specified":[117],"category":[118],"aimed":[120,145],"study.":[122],"Our":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126,143,172],"reducing":[127],"runtime":[129,148,164,194],"does":[130],"not":[131],"always":[132],"directly":[133],"correlate":[134],"with":[135,178],"improved":[136],"consumption.":[138,167],"In":[139],"fact,":[140],"observed":[142],"at":[146,152],"enhancing":[147],"performance":[149,195],"often":[150],"come":[151],"cost":[155],"applications":[158],"studied,":[159],"highlighting":[160],"trade-off":[162],"between":[163],"example,":[169],"found":[171],"using":[173],"-Ounchecked":[174],"Swift,":[176],"combined":[177],"-Oz":[179],"from":[180],"LLVM":[181],"GhostRun":[184],"video":[185],"game,":[186],"increases":[187],"34%,":[191],"despite":[192],"improving":[193],"9%.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}