{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377041711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","title":"TESTed\u2014An educational testing framework with language-agnostic test suites for programming exercises","display_name":"TESTed\u2014An educational testing framework with language-agnostic test suites for programming exercises","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377041711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","pdf_url":"http://www.softxjournal.com/article/S2352711023001000/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506067282","display_name":"SoftwareX","issn_l":"2352-7110","issn":["2352-7110"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SoftwareX","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"software-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.softxjournal.com/article/S2352711023001000/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048890611","display_name":"Niko Strijbol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niko Strijbol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-174X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010766915","display_name":"Charlotte Van Petegem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0779-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Van Petegem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090872079","display_name":"Rien Maertens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2927-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rien Maertens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091974902","display_name":"Boris Sels","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boris Sels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087361825","display_name":"Christophe Scholliers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2837-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Scholliers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013637445","display_name":"Peter Dawyndt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-9070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Dawyndt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015802960","display_name":"Bart Mesuere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-3441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bart Mesuere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010766915","https://openalex.org/A5013637445","https://openalex.org/A5015802960","https://openalex.org/A5048890611","https://openalex.org/A5087361825","https://openalex.org/A5090872079","https://openalex.org/A5091974902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":760},"apc_paid":{"value":760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":760},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"101404","last_page":"101404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8356916904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.7376213073730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.5698856115341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5157899856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.4696494936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.453476220369339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.45315858721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.44913873076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32892000675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.13798773288726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11802881956100464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8356916904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.7376213073730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.5698856115341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5157899856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.4696494936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.453476220369339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.45315858721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.44913873076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32892000675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.13798773288726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11802881956100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","pdf_url":"http://www.softxjournal.com/article/S2352711023001000/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506067282","display_name":"SoftwareX","issn_l":"2352-7110","issn":["2352-7110"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SoftwareX","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01H11M1ZK2RZZ9J5WFJ0629944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01H11M1ZK2RZZ9J5WFJ0629944","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01H11M1ZK2RZZ9J5WFJ0629944/file/01H11MBW7FD70TVSHPKNAP9V25.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2352-7110","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e79bc60118045409d9c3fe869c72bf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e79bc60118045409d9c3fe869c72bf7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SoftwareX, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 101404- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101404","pdf_url":"http://www.softxjournal.com/article/S2352711023001000/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506067282","display_name":"SoftwareX","issn_l":"2352-7110","issn":["2352-7110"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SoftwareX","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2939666057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VLAIO HBC.2020.3300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313460","funder_display_name":"Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8127232487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HBC.2020.3300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313460","funder_display_name":"Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8594859193","display_name":"ELIXIR Infrastructure for Data and Services to strengthen Life-Sciences Research in Flanders","funder_award_id":"I002819N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313460","display_name":"Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen","ror":"https://ror.org/032xdry56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377041711.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144621672","https://openalex.org/W2050931223","https://openalex.org/W2112558029","https://openalex.org/W2113541950","https://openalex.org/W2135995390","https://openalex.org/W2149957844","https://openalex.org/W2161999665","https://openalex.org/W2162055787","https://openalex.org/W2462445159","https://openalex.org/W2554028885","https://openalex.org/W2604713641","https://openalex.org/W2614250878","https://openalex.org/W2744373347","https://openalex.org/W2765812847","https://openalex.org/W2767123881","https://openalex.org/W2783218168","https://openalex.org/W2894540915","https://openalex.org/W2914049261","https://openalex.org/W3122283993","https://openalex.org/W3128345447","https://openalex.org/W4213421742","https://openalex.org/W4231170976","https://openalex.org/W4234889289","https://openalex.org/W4245875875","https://openalex.org/W4246112489","https://openalex.org/W4253796142","https://openalex.org/W4323037565","https://openalex.org/W4382515853","https://openalex.org/W6655832454","https://openalex.org/W6666315670","https://openalex.org/W6745727803","https://openalex.org/W6749262749","https://openalex.org/W6752726676","https://openalex.org/W6758411413","https://openalex.org/W6783713208","https://openalex.org/W6789915994","https://openalex.org/W7042839929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W609482051","https://openalex.org/W4386050096","https://openalex.org/W3199325201","https://openalex.org/W2792035366","https://openalex.org/W2360976019","https://openalex.org/W2351166673","https://openalex.org/W2390109066","https://openalex.org/W2349355552","https://openalex.org/W2002537515","https://openalex.org/W2410921486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,102],"educational":[1,151],"contexts,":[2],"automated":[3],"assessment":[4],"tools":[5],"(AAT)":[6],"are":[7,78],"commonly":[8],"used":[9,140],"to":[10,56,80],"provide":[11],"formative":[12],"feedback":[13,118],"on":[14,29,147],"programming":[15,72,97,124,142],"exercises.":[16,31],"However,":[17],"designing":[18,135],"exercises":[19,136],"for":[20],"AAT":[21,33],"remains":[22],"a":[23],"laborious":[24],"task":[25],"or":[26,48],"imposes":[27],"limitations":[28],"the":[30,39,52,57,60,68,75,81,96,100,110,116,123],"Most":[32],"use":[34],"either":[35],"output":[36,41,65,128],"comparison,":[37],"where":[38,51],"generated":[40],"is":[42,92],"compared":[43],"against":[44],"an":[45],"expected":[46],"output,":[47],"unit":[49,84,120],"testing,":[50],"tool":[53],"has":[54,67],"access":[55],"code":[58],"of":[59,70,99,112,119,127],"submission":[61],"under":[62],"test.":[63],"While":[64],"comparison":[66],"advantage":[69],"being":[71],"language":[73,98,125],"independent,":[74],"testing":[76,85,121],"capabilities":[77],"limited":[79],"output.":[82],"Conversely,":[83],"can":[86,131,138],"generate":[87],"more":[88],"granular":[89,117],"feedback,":[90],"but":[91],"tightly":[93],"coupled":[94],"with":[95,122],"submission.":[101],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,145],"introduce":[106],"TESTed,":[107],"which":[108],"enables":[109],"best":[111],"both":[113],"worlds:":[114],"combining":[115],"independence":[126],"comparison.":[129],"Educators":[130],"save":[132],"time":[133],"by":[134],"that":[137],"be":[139],"across":[141],"languages.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"report":[146],"using":[148],"TESTed":[149],"in":[150],"practice.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
