{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171765870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","title":"NLP Techniques for software debugging tasks: A systematic literature review covering bug report analysis, bug reproduction, and localization","display_name":"NLP Techniques for software debugging tasks: A systematic literature review covering bug report analysis, bug reproduction, and localization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171765870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088507130","display_name":"Lutfun Nahar Lota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutfun Nahar Lota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144049643","display_name":"Tarannum Zaman Shaila","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarannum Shaila Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-524X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115463065","display_name":"Mirza Mohammad Azwad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Mohammad Azwad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119896583","display_name":"Labiba Farah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Labiba Farah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130756065","display_name":"Abrar Chowdhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abrar Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130761743","display_name":"Zaarin Anjum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaarin Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144066443","display_name":"Chadni Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chadni Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Edith Cowan university, Joondalup, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Edith Cowan university, Joondalup, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114043799","display_name":"Abu Raihan Mostofa Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1070-275X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Raihan Mostofa Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7866354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"255","issue":null,"first_page":"103552","last_page":"103552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.4909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.4909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.2554999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.3517000079154968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.904699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10272871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929972","display_name":"Software inspection","level":5,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984968299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077784","display_name":"Software tool","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968882522","https://openalex.org/W2007960989","https://openalex.org/W2051162588","https://openalex.org/W2052344580","https://openalex.org/W2103458796","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2290968742","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2344541385","https://openalex.org/W2470959079","https://openalex.org/W2525889253","https://openalex.org/W2806718802","https://openalex.org/W2809895060","https://openalex.org/W2811364126","https://openalex.org/W2887255581","https://openalex.org/W2921188141","https://openalex.org/W2922320079","https://openalex.org/W2969229669","https://openalex.org/W2972978839","https://openalex.org/W3024613973","https://openalex.org/W3031251962","https://openalex.org/W3035575539","https://openalex.org/W3049415291","https://openalex.org/W3084484304","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3122187115","https://openalex.org/W3149438326","https://openalex.org/W3158154878","https://openalex.org/W3189479912","https://openalex.org/W3207629813","https://openalex.org/W4210454386","https://openalex.org/W4213104465","https://openalex.org/W4221024422","https://openalex.org/W4281685577","https://openalex.org/W4283386367","https://openalex.org/W4293169164","https://openalex.org/W4293193670","https://openalex.org/W4293211136","https://openalex.org/W4304698333","https://openalex.org/W4308861918","https://openalex.org/W4310568840","https://openalex.org/W4312777278","https://openalex.org/W4316654911","https://openalex.org/W4317423646","https://openalex.org/W4319934116","https://openalex.org/W4319984996","https://openalex.org/W4320477728","https://openalex.org/W4320729789","https://openalex.org/W4322503883","https://openalex.org/W4362552930","https://openalex.org/W4364322956","https://openalex.org/W4365129631","https://openalex.org/W4381431110","https://openalex.org/W4385423964","https://openalex.org/W4386099061","https://openalex.org/W4386608836","https://openalex.org/W4387304047","https://openalex.org/W4387504881","https://openalex.org/W4387972390","https://openalex.org/W4388180000","https://openalex.org/W4389076573","https://openalex.org/W4389337865","https://openalex.org/W4396685148","https://openalex.org/W4398254389","https://openalex.org/W4399732199","https://openalex.org/W4401011546","https://openalex.org/W4402040489","https://openalex.org/W4404199042","https://openalex.org/W4409797243","https://openalex.org/W4411449803","https://openalex.org/W7125381298"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"debugging":[1,20,65,80,138,189,200],"is":[2],"essential":[3],"for":[4,201],"software":[5,17,39,137,166,219],"maintenance,":[6],"as":[7,83],"identifying,":[8],"reproducing,":[9],"and":[10,24,34,49,55,87,111,125,131,145,162,177,204,213],"correcting":[11],"bugs":[12,36],"are":[13,70],"critical":[14],"to":[15,28,63,164,183,186,208,217],"ensuring":[16],"reliability.":[18],"However,":[19],"remains":[21],"a":[22,99,116,194],"time-consuming":[23],"cost-sensitive":[25],"activity":[26],"due":[27],"the":[29,38,91,123,184],"complexities":[30],"involved":[31],"in":[32,44,73,95,154,199],"analyzing":[33],"resolving":[35],"throughout":[37],"development":[40],"lifecycle.":[41],"Recent":[42],"advancements":[43],"Artificial":[45],"Intelligence,":[46],"Machine":[47],"Learning,":[48],"particularly":[50],"Natural":[51],"Language":[52,57],"Processing":[53],"(NLP),":[54],"Large":[56],"Models":[58],"(LLM)":[59],"offer":[60],"promising":[61],"opportunities":[62],"enhance":[64],"process.":[66],"Since":[67],"bug":[68,84,141,143,146],"reports":[69],"typically":[71],"written":[72],"natural":[74],"language,":[75],"NLP":[76,94,129,198],"techniques":[77],"can":[78],"streamline":[79],"tasks,":[81,139],"such":[82],"categorization,":[85],"localization,":[86,144],"resolution.":[88],"To":[89],"assess":[90],"potential":[92],"of":[93,104,119,127,197],"debugging,":[96],"we":[97,150,169],"conduct":[98],"Systematic":[100],"Literature":[101],"Review":[102],"(SLR)":[103],"87":[105],"research":[106,120,180],"papers":[107],"published":[108],"between":[109],"2011":[110],"2025.":[112],"Our":[113],"study":[114,192],"presents":[115],"comprehensive":[117],"taxonomy":[118],"efforts,":[121],"evaluates":[122],"effectiveness":[124],"limitations":[126],"various":[128],"methods,":[130],"highlights":[132],"best":[133],"practices":[134],"across":[135],"key":[136],"including":[140,157],"reproduction,":[142],"report":[147],"analysis.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"identify":[151],"significant":[152],"challenges":[153],"real-world":[155],"applications,":[156],"issues":[158],"with":[159],"scalability,":[160],"accuracy,":[161],"adaptability":[163],"diverse":[165],"environments.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"derive":[170],"seven":[171],"findings":[172],"from":[173],"our":[174],"result":[175],"analysis":[176],"propose":[178],"future":[179],"directions":[181],"corresponding":[182],"findings,":[185],"advance":[187],"NLP-driven":[188],"practices.":[190],"This":[191],"provides":[193],"holistic":[195],"overview":[196],"researchers,":[202],"practitioners,":[203],"tool":[205],"developers,":[206],"helping":[207],"uncover":[209],"trends,":[210],"address":[211],"gaps,":[212],"inspire":[214],"new":[215],"approaches":[216],"improving":[218],"maintenance":[220],"workflows.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-07-31T00:00:00"}