{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169602125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541","title":"An empirical study of neural network based graph representations for software defect prediction","display_name":"An empirical study of neural network based graph representations for software defect prediction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169602125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438040","display_name":"Zhiqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-3658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-3658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141105487","display_name":"Yanwei Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6149-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanwei Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6149-0941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141063227","display_name":"Jie Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710119, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412598","display_name":"Hongyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-9425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047619976","display_name":"Fumin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090712","display_name":"Construction Development (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ackcm59","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090712"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facilites Development Center, Shenzhen Guangming Science City Development and Construction Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facilites Development Center, Shenzhen Guangming Science City Development and Construction Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029691902","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Yuan Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-8475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Yuan Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China","School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Equipment Fault Diagnosis, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100438040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82193176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"255","issue":null,"first_page":"103541","last_page":"103541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9085000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9085000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.6333000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.899399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.6333000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154488198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007","display_name":"Embedded software","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2026.103541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21029587","display_name":"Science of Computer Programming","issn_l":"0167-6423","issn":["0167-6423","1872-7964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science of Computer Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W2066459581","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2476464413","https://openalex.org/W2735995639","https://openalex.org/W2748169822","https://openalex.org/W2766521509","https://openalex.org/W2771362265","https://openalex.org/W2790540264","https://openalex.org/W2791812915","https://openalex.org/W2805001156","https://openalex.org/W2898124301","https://openalex.org/W2898383220","https://openalex.org/W2898435572","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2949031891","https://openalex.org/W2963520355","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W3030194725","https://openalex.org/W3110943671","https://openalex.org/W3141989311","https://openalex.org/W3161623246","https://openalex.org/W3207955138","https://openalex.org/W4206776774","https://openalex.org/W4226161497","https://openalex.org/W4293764002","https://openalex.org/W4294811229","https://openalex.org/W4387586250","https://openalex.org/W4390245545","https://openalex.org/W4391179337","https://openalex.org/W4391454373","https://openalex.org/W4392102822","https://openalex.org/W4392190394","https://openalex.org/W4392203343","https://openalex.org/W4393346560","https://openalex.org/W4399909768","https://openalex.org/W4399916571","https://openalex.org/W4400623668","https://openalex.org/W4402197993","https://openalex.org/W4404563770","https://openalex.org/W4405056409","https://openalex.org/W4408248601","https://openalex.org/W4408858566","https://openalex.org/W4409499791","https://openalex.org/W4416918102","https://openalex.org/W4417248379","https://openalex.org/W4417322130","https://openalex.org/W7128166723"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-07-18T00:00:00"}