{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155519713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","title":"AITL-WING-HITL: Telemanipulation of autonomous drones using Digital Twins of aerial traffic interfaced With WING","display_name":"AITL-WING-HITL: Telemanipulation of autonomous drones using Digital Twins of aerial traffic interfaced With WING","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155519713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133768115","display_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"0921-8890","issn":["0921-8890","1872-793X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067503334","display_name":"Kaya Kuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132756774","display_name":"Fenerbah\u00e7e University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xf89h18","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132756774"]}],"countries":["GB","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaya Kuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","Software Engineering Department, Fenerbahce University, Ata\u015fehir, istanbul, 34758, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, Fenerbahce University, Ata\u015fehir, istanbul, 34758, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132756774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134505747","display_name":"Sam Worthington","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Worthington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034218616","display_name":"Darren Ansell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-3315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Ansell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062324744","display_name":"John Pinder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Pinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-2133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026757593","display_name":"Aadithya Sujit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-5472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aadithya Sujit","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134537766","display_name":"Benjamin J. Watkinson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. Watkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092852037","display_name":"Keith Vinning","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Vinning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134537793","display_name":"Lee Moore","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035784413","display_name":"Chris Gilbert","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134476380","display_name":"David Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108184283","display_name":"Claire Tinker-Mill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Tinker-Mill","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-3111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067503334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735","https://openalex.org/I3132756774"],"apc_list":{"value":3020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3020},"apc_paid":{"value":3020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3020},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95480865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"202","issue":null,"first_page":"105486","last_page":"105486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8213000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8213000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telerobotics","display_name":"Telerobotics","score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing","display_name":"Wing","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-control","display_name":"Remote control","score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3197000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196467688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851985","display_name":"Telerobotics","level":4,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97257150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161358","display_name":"Wing","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557691694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185091","display_name":"Remote control","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779199153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43965","display_name":"Quadcopter","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781347998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1587588","display_name":"Manipulator (device)","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45732","display_name":"MAGIC (telescope)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133768115","display_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"0921-8890","issn":["0921-8890","1872-793X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:47765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/47765/1/Manuscript%20AITL-WING-HITL.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133768115","display_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"0921-8890","issn":["0921-8890","1872-793X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967083385","https://openalex.org/W1969708215","https://openalex.org/W1977726193","https://openalex.org/W1985961858","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2037717042","https://openalex.org/W2075943435","https://openalex.org/W2088453394","https://openalex.org/W2100656120","https://openalex.org/W2126043438","https://openalex.org/W2135829516","https://openalex.org/W2138728841","https://openalex.org/W2144632183","https://openalex.org/W2151226865","https://openalex.org/W2159607790","https://openalex.org/W2169892796","https://openalex.org/W2229747717","https://openalex.org/W2569192103","https://openalex.org/W2607681021","https://openalex.org/W2619402243","https://openalex.org/W2754784938","https://openalex.org/W2792586211","https://openalex.org/W2901609489","https://openalex.org/W2909643277","https://openalex.org/W2914429279","https://openalex.org/W2920955377","https://openalex.org/W2934344439","https://openalex.org/W2962829315","https://openalex.org/W2962871846","https://openalex.org/W2980417577","https://openalex.org/W2990701080","https://openalex.org/W3005610341","https://openalex.org/W3010543446","https://openalex.org/W3086540722","https://openalex.org/W3112341537","https://openalex.org/W3115348209","https://openalex.org/W3161546367","https://openalex.org/W3197929164","https://openalex.org/W4214919138","https://openalex.org/W4289912926","https://openalex.org/W4386634195"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cBy":[0],"touching":[1],"an":[2,81,187,221,288],"instrument":[3],"placed":[4],"in":[5,14,40,48,134,184,270,308],"the":[6,15,19,28,35,38,41,57,65,70,105,109,126,137,155,164,192,218,232,271,291],"southern":[7],"gallery,":[8],"a":[9,96,114,144,167,210,265,301],"miniature":[10],"Spanish":[11],"cruiser":[12],"anchored":[13],"fountain":[16],"lake":[17],"on":[18],"lower":[20],"floor,":[21],"90":[22],"ft":[23],"away,":[24],"was":[25,31,90,152],"blown":[26],"into":[27],"air.":[29],"There":[30],"no":[32],"connection":[33],"between":[34],"transmitter":[36],"and":[37,112,125,235,249,277,305],"vessel":[39,84],"lake,\u201d":[42],"reported":[43],"The":[44,207,241],"New":[45],"York":[46],"Times":[47],"1898.":[49],"Though":[50],"perceived":[51],"as":[52,92,217,300],"magic":[53],"by":[54],"many":[55],"at":[56],"time,":[58],"Nikola":[59],"Tesla":[60],"had":[61],"once":[62],"again":[63],"pushed":[64],"boundaries":[66],"of":[67,72,95,98,108,118,128,139,157,166,174,290,294],"technology,":[68],"becoming":[69],"forefather":[71],"modern":[73],"remotely":[74],"controlled":[75],"wireless":[76],"drones.":[77],"His":[78],"invention":[79],"\u2013":[80,89,148,151,191,195,220],"early":[82],"radio-controlled":[83],"operated":[85],"via":[86],"radio":[87],"waves":[88],"hailed":[91],"\u201cthe":[93],"first":[94],"race":[97],"robots,":[99],"mechanical":[100],"men":[101],"which":[102],"will":[103],"do":[104],"laborious":[106],"work":[107],"human":[110],"race,\u201d":[111],"marked":[113],"leap":[115],"far":[116],"ahead":[117],"its":[119],"time.":[120],"Since":[121],"then,":[122],"human\u2013robot":[123],"interaction":[124,267],"telemanipulation":[127,156,296],"drones":[129],"have":[130],"advanced":[131],"substantially,":[132],"especially":[133],"tandem":[135],"with":[136,225],"evolution":[138],"autonomy.":[140],"In":[141],"this":[142,283,309],"context,":[143],"scalable,":[145],"agent-based":[146],"platform":[147,208],"termed":[149],"AITL-WING-HITL":[150],"developed":[153],"for":[154,202,238,280,303],"Autonomous":[158],"Unmanned":[159],"Aerial":[160],"Vehicles":[161],"(A-UAVs)":[162],"from":[163],"perspective":[165],"human\u2013multi-robot":[168],"architecture,":[169],"leveraging":[170],"Digital":[171],"Twins":[172],"(DTs)":[173],"integrated":[175],"aerial":[176],"traffic.":[177],"This":[178],"system":[179],"is":[180],"designed":[181],"to":[182,205,230,258],"intervene":[183],"scenarios,":[185],"where":[186],"autonomous":[188],"AI":[189],"agent":[190],"\u201cnew":[193],"driver\u201d":[194],"encounters":[196],"conditions":[197],"too":[198],"complex":[199],"or":[200],"unorthodox":[201],"autonomy":[203],"alone":[204],"handle.":[206],"incorporates":[209],"patented,":[211],"force-sensitive,":[212],"precision":[213],"control":[214],"device":[215],"known":[216],"WING":[219],"immersive":[222],"tool":[223],"tested":[224],"participants":[226],"using":[227],"measurable":[228],"parameters":[229],"validate":[231],"system\u2019s":[233],"effectiveness":[234],"identify":[236],"areas":[237],"further":[239],"improvement.":[240],"findings":[242],"indicate":[243],"that":[244],"AITL":[245],"(Autonomy-In-The-Loop)":[246],"A-UAV":[247],"agents":[248,255],"HITL":[250],"(Human-In-The-Loop)":[251],"Human":[252],"Telemanipulator":[253],"(HTM)":[254],"can":[256],"co-operate":[257],"achieve":[259],"high-performance,":[260],"synergistic":[261],"task":[262],"execution":[263],"through":[264],"socio-cognitive":[266],"model":[268],"embedded":[269],"platform.":[272],"By":[273],"addressing":[274],"current":[275],"challenges":[276],"outlining":[278],"directions":[279],"future":[281,306],"exploration,":[282],"research":[284],"not":[285],"only":[286],"provides":[287],"overview":[289],"evolving":[292],"landscape":[293],"drone":[295],"but":[297],"also":[298],"serves":[299],"roadmap":[302],"ongoing":[304],"efforts":[307],"critical":[310],"field.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}
