{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163206664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","title":"Efficient User Association using Multi-Objective Q-Learning Approach","display_name":"Efficient User Association using Multi-Objective Q-Learning Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163206664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030434187","display_name":"Layla Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-3021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Layla Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESIM, FPSB, Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESIM, FPSB, Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066723418","display_name":"Samira Achki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-2906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147360","display_name":"Sup de Co Marrakech","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez88s78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147360"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Achki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of technologies & digital innovation, HEEC Marrakech, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of technologies & digital innovation, HEEC Marrakech, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137685297","display_name":"Abdelali Elgourari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelali Elgourari","raw_affiliation_strings":["FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89939999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"280","issue":null,"first_page":"1125","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.2079000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.14499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-learning","display_name":"Association rule learning","score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.04.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8751872777938843}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W3007775305","https://openalex.org/W4285126816","https://openalex.org/W4379160364","https://openalex.org/W4386284806","https://openalex.org/W4387642655","https://openalex.org/W4401173978","https://openalex.org/W4402055560","https://openalex.org/W4405706164"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"association":[1,72,116],"is":[2],"a":[3,12,69],"critical":[4],"issue":[5],"for":[6,32],"the":[7,33,38,42,47,51,54,60,95,114],"Heterogeneous":[8],"Networks(HetNet)":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11],"number":[13],"of":[14,21,53,121],"criteria,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,37],"resource":[18],"allocation,":[19],"mitigation":[20],"interferences,":[22],"and":[23,83,106,125],"increased":[24],"data":[25],"rate.":[26],"Various":[27],"works":[28,56],"have":[29],"been":[30],"proposed":[31],"efficient":[34],"user":[35,71],"joint":[36],"KNN":[39,118],"model,":[40],"where":[41],"users":[43],"are":[44],"associated":[45],"with":[46],"nearest":[48],"BS.":[49],"However,":[50],"majority":[52],"previous":[55],"do":[57],"not":[58],"study":[59],"big-data":[61],"network":[62],"scenarios.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"work,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"multi-objective":[70],"using":[73],"Q-Learning":[74],"algorithm":[75],"by":[76],"considering":[77],"Data":[78,123],"Rate,":[79],"Energy":[80],"Efficiency":[81],"(EE),":[82],"load":[84],"balancing":[85],"simultaneously.":[86],"The":[87],"new":[88],"method":[89],"learns":[90],"optimal":[91],"associations":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"reinforcement":[96],"learning":[97],"tool,":[98],"avoiding":[99],"BS":[100],"overload":[101],"while":[102],"enhancing":[103],"energy":[104],"efficiency":[105],"maintaining":[107],"stable":[108],"SINR.":[109],"simulations":[110],"results":[111],"prove":[112],"that":[113],"Q-Learning-based":[115],"outperforms":[117],"in":[119],"terms":[120],"average":[122],"Rate":[124],"EE.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}