{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140202719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","title":"Reference Goal Model for Digital Health in Africa with a Focus on the Interoperability of Healthcare Systems","display_name":"Reference Goal Model for Digital Health in Africa with a Focus on the Interoperability of Healthcare Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140202719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gabriel Mugabe Nzarama","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Mugabe Nzarama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Information Technology, University of Rwanda,P.O. Box 56, Rwanda","Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Information Technology, University of Rwanda,P.O. Box 56, Rwanda","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Louis Sibomana","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Sibomana","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Council for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2285, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Council for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2285, Rwanda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Erik Perjons","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Perjons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul Johannesson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Johannesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista P.O. Box 7003, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64055994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"278","issue":null,"first_page":"989","last_page":"996"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.10400000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.10400000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13945","display_name":"Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges","score":0.04479999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.035100001841783524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.849399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-planning","display_name":"Strategic planning","score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-goal","display_name":"Strategic goal","score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.849399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7134000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183735805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621837","display_name":"Strategic goal","level":3,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26805982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008183","display_name":"Cross-domain interoperability","level":4,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129011618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621821","display_name":"Strategic alignment","level":4,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195813598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474460","display_name":"Stakeholder analysis","level":3,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86275758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376657","display_name":"Strategic management","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21333345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843","display_name":"Health technology","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4806509017944336,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307875","display_name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","ror":"https://ror.org/01fn7me06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2177829715","https://openalex.org/W2769699150","https://openalex.org/W2783502088","https://openalex.org/W2891125414","https://openalex.org/W2900932709","https://openalex.org/W2993543893","https://openalex.org/W3040052821","https://openalex.org/W4233683053","https://openalex.org/W4252724826","https://openalex.org/W4256111078","https://openalex.org/W4311590128","https://openalex.org/W4387415534","https://openalex.org/W4393175777","https://openalex.org/W4404868323"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0,71,80,90,119],"health":[1,108,165,182],"in":[2,13,121,162],"Africa":[3,122],"is":[4],"gaining":[5],"momentum,":[6],"yet":[7],"remains":[8],"fragmented":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,59],"gaps":[12],"strategic":[14,62,67,149],"coherence,":[15],"capacity,":[16],"and":[17,33,38,42,50,85,103,109,129,134,140,143,154,159,167,178,183],"system":[18],"interoperability.":[19,135],"To":[20],"address":[21],"these":[22,138],"challenges,":[23],"this":[24],"study":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,125,172],"Reference":[28,115],"Goal":[29,116],"Model":[30,57,117],"that":[31],"captures":[32],"structures":[34],"the":[35,54,75,86,95,145,148,163,176],"key":[36,66],"goals":[37,102,128,139],"means":[39,130,141],"underpinning":[40],"digitalization":[41,133],"interoperability":[43,110,184],"initiatives":[44],"across":[45],"multiple":[46],"governance":[47],"levels\u2014national,":[48],"regional,":[49,153],"continental.":[51],"We":[52],"applied":[53],"Business":[55],"Motivation":[56],"(BMM)":[58],"systematically":[60],"analyze":[61],"content":[63],"from":[64,94],"three":[65,96],"documents:":[68],"Rwanda\u2019s":[69],"National":[70],"Health":[72,120],"Strategic":[73,83],"Plan,":[74,84],"East":[76],"African":[77,87],"Community\u2019s":[78],"(EAC)":[79],"REACH":[81],"Initiative":[82],"Union\u2019s":[88],"(AU)":[89],"Transformation":[91],"Strategy.":[92],"Statements":[93],"documents":[97],"were":[98],"decomposed":[99],"into":[100],"atomic":[101],"means,":[104],"illustrating":[105],"how":[106],"digital":[107,164,181],"are":[111],"conceived.":[112],"The":[113],"resulting":[114],"for":[118,131,174],"(RGMDHA)":[123],"identifies":[124],"set":[126],"of":[127,151,180],"both":[132],"By":[136],"making":[137],"explicit":[142],"structured,":[144],"RGMDHA":[146],"facilitates":[147],"evaluation":[150],"national,":[152],"continental":[155],"plans,":[156],"enables":[157],"communication":[158],"stakeholder":[160],"alignment":[161],"domain,":[166],"can":[168],"be":[169],"used":[170],"as":[171],"tool":[173],"guiding":[175],"design":[177],"analysis":[179],"projects.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}
