{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139963915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","title":"Explainability in Emotion Detection in Social Media Text Using Distilled Transformer Models","display_name":"Explainability in Emotion Detection in Social Media Text Using Distilled Transformer Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139963915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130220548","display_name":"Safa Abu Najm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132806614","display_name":"University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/05h0z7c09","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safa Abu Najm","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130250611","display_name":"Hamid Mukhtar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132806614","display_name":"University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/05h0z7c09","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Mukhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130250611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65748427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"275","issue":null,"first_page":"867","last_page":"875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.3343000113964081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.3343000113964081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.13429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10689999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-detection","display_name":"Emotion detection","score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.29499998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/d7006f89-ffbc-4303-8a24-7ef2b8519849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/d7006f89-ffbc-4303-8a24-7ef2b8519849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abu Najm, S & Mukhtar, H 2026, 'Explainability in Emotion Detection in Social Media Text Using Distilled Transformer Models', Procedia Computer Science, vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d7006f89-ffbc-4303-8a24-7ef2b8519849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/procedia-computer-science","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Abu Najm, S & Mukhtar, H 2026, 'Explainability in Emotion Detection in Social Media Text Using Distilled Transformer Models', Procedia Computer Science, vol. 275, no. 1, pp. 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.01.099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3032735579","https://openalex.org/W3192481913","https://openalex.org/W3193947338","https://openalex.org/W3205377756","https://openalex.org/W3215748564","https://openalex.org/W4310720906","https://openalex.org/W4383532886","https://openalex.org/W4401626840","https://openalex.org/W4404697054","https://openalex.org/W4409171560"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,142],"research":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,86,148],"explainable,":[4],"low-latency":[5],"framework":[6],"for":[7,78],"emotion":[8],"detection":[9],"in":[10,116,170],"social":[11],"media":[12],"text":[13],"using":[14],"distilled":[15],"transformer":[16],"models":[17,45,162],"DistilBERT,":[18],"BERT,":[19],"and":[20,42,91,107,113,124,134,154,157,167],"RoBERTa":[21,69],"combined":[22],"with":[23,52],"token-level":[24],"interpretability":[25],"via":[26],"SHAP.":[27],"Using":[28],"the":[29,44],"GoEmotions":[30],"dataset":[31],"filtered":[32],"to":[33,138],"six":[34],"core":[35],"emotions":[36,94],"(joy,":[37],"sadness,":[38],"anger,":[39],"fear,":[40],"surprise,":[41],"disgust),":[43],"were":[46,98],"fine-tuned":[47],"through":[48],"Optuna-based":[49],"hyperparameter":[50],"optimization":[51],"stratified":[53],"80/10/10":[54],"data":[55,136],"splits.":[56],"The":[57,119],"results":[58],"demonstrate":[59],"competitive":[60],"macro-F1":[61],"performance":[62],"(DistilBERT":[63],"=":[64,67,70],"0.816,":[65],"BERT":[66],"0.806,":[68],"0.825)":[71],"while":[72],"maintaining":[73],"low":[74],"overall":[75],"processing":[76],"latency":[77],"batch":[79],"inference.":[80],"Beyond":[81],"classification,":[82],"this":[83],"study":[84],"contributes":[85],"analysis":[87],"of":[88],"cross-model":[89],"consistency":[90],"explainability:":[92],"certain":[93],"such":[95],"as":[96],"joy":[97],"recognized":[99],"consistently":[100],"(100%":[101],"agreement":[102],"across":[103,128],"models),":[104],"whereas":[105],"sadness":[106],"fear":[108],"exhibited":[109],"variation,":[110],"reflecting":[111],"linguistic":[112],"contextual":[114],"differences":[115],"emotional":[117,171],"expression.":[118],"SHAP-based":[120],"explainability":[121,159],"highlighted":[122],"overlapping":[123],"divergent":[125],"token":[126],"contributions":[127],"models,":[129],"exposing":[130],"where":[131],"algorithmic":[132],"architecture":[133],"training":[135],"led":[137],"different":[139],"interpretive":[140],"outcomes.":[141],"work":[143],"concludes":[144],"that":[145,158],"DistilBERT":[146],"offers":[147],"optimal":[149],"trade-off":[150],"between":[151],"accuracy,":[152],"interpretability,":[153],"runtime":[155],"cost,":[156],"disagreement":[160],"among":[161],"can":[163],"illuminate":[164],"deeper":[165],"semantic":[166],"cultural":[168],"complexities":[169],"language.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2026-03-21T00:00:00"}
