{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415974145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","title":"A comparative approach to assessing linguistic creativity of Large Language Models and Humans","display_name":"A comparative approach to assessing linguistic creativity of Large Language Models and Humans","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415974145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102837044","display_name":"Anca Dinu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141595442","display_name":"University of Bucharest","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2v6p15","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anca Dinu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bucharest, 4-12 Bdv. Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest 030018, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bucharest, 4-12 Bdv. Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest 030018, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117865148","display_name":"Andra-Maria Florescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124953","display_name":"Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wf2mv31","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124953"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andra-Maria Florescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary School of Doctoral Studies, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bdv. Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, Bucharest 050107, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary School of Doctoral Studies, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bdv. Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, Bucharest 050107, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078781353","display_name":"Alina Re\u0219ceanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Resceanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza St., Craiova 200585, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza St., Craiova 200585, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102837044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141595442"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28759936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"270","issue":null,"first_page":"1292","last_page":"1301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.21320000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.06499999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.7222999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6509000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-method","display_name":"Comparative method","score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.31929999589920044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7276999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.7222999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6509000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80864568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950464","display_name":"Comparative method","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779760435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5396169","display_name":"Minor (academic)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072565","display_name":"On Language","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3892504495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PN-IV-P1-PCE-2023-1701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323983","funder_display_name":"Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318622","display_name":"Ministerul Cercet\u0103rii, Inov\u0103rii \u015fi Digitaliz\u0103rii","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323983","display_name":"Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii","ror":"https://ror.org/01q7jq182"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82744785","https://openalex.org/W2111273501","https://openalex.org/W2128205443","https://openalex.org/W2143283816","https://openalex.org/W2385760048","https://openalex.org/W2810140910","https://openalex.org/W2965783570","https://openalex.org/W3176353073","https://openalex.org/W4250109990","https://openalex.org/W4381487157","https://openalex.org/W4385570507","https://openalex.org/W4385570971","https://openalex.org/W4385574006","https://openalex.org/W4388676741","https://openalex.org/W4391713912","https://openalex.org/W4401190729","https://openalex.org/W4402671162","https://openalex.org/W4404826238","https://openalex.org/W4404835245","https://openalex.org/W4411119052","https://openalex.org/W4411119511"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,63,122],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,124],"general":[6],"linguistic":[7],"creativity":[8],"test":[9,18,51,101],"for":[10,71],"humans":[11,54,86,118,134],"and":[12,33,41,43,55,62,76,119],"Large":[13],"Language":[14],"Models":[15],"(LLMs).":[16],"The":[17,78],"consists":[19],"of":[20,60,98,108,128],"various":[21],"tasks":[22],"aimed":[23],"at":[24],"assessing":[25],"their":[26,66],"ability":[27],"to":[28,52,56],"generate":[29],"new":[30],"original":[31],"words":[32],"phrases":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36,44],"word":[37],"formation":[38],"processes":[39],"(derivation":[40],"compounding)":[42],"metaphorical":[45],"language":[46],"use.":[47],"We":[48,103],"administered":[49],"the":[50,89,99,106,109,129],"24":[53],"an":[57],"equal":[58],"number":[59],"LLMs,":[61],"automatically":[64],"evaluated":[65],"answers":[67],"using":[68],"OCSAI":[69],"tool":[70],"three":[72],"criteria:":[73],"Originality,":[74],"Elaboration,":[75],"Flexibility.":[77],"results":[79],"show":[80],"that":[81,133],"LLMs":[82,141],"not":[83],"only":[84],"outperformed":[85],"in":[87,95],"all":[88],"assessed":[90],"criteria,":[91],"but":[92],"did":[93],"better":[94],"six":[96],"out":[97],"eight":[100],"tasks.":[102],"then":[104],"computed":[105],"uniqueness":[107],"individual":[110],"answers,":[111],"which":[112,131],"showed":[113],"some":[114],"minor":[115],"differences":[116],"between":[117],"LLMs.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"performed":[123],"short":[125],"manual":[126],"analysis":[127],"dataset,":[130],"revealed":[132],"are":[135],"more":[136],"inclined":[137],"towards":[138],"E(extending)-creativity,":[139],"while":[140],"favor":[142],"F(ixed)-creativity.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}