{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413106190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","title":"Ensuring Digital Sovereignty in Cross-chain EHR Sharing: A Relay-as-a-Service Approach for Secure Healthcare Interoperability","display_name":"Ensuring Digital Sovereignty in Cross-chain EHR Sharing: A Relay-as-a-Service Approach for Secure Healthcare Interoperability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413106190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721282","display_name":"Dharavath Ramesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3338-6520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189109744","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad","ror":"https://ror.org/013v3cc28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dharavath Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112364638","display_name":"Thakur Santosh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164565","display_name":"Mahindra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05751b994","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164565"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thakur Santosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Centre for Life Sciences, Ecole Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Centre for Life Sciences, Ecole Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088002086","display_name":"Munesh Chandra Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196486160","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Agartala","ror":"https://ror.org/03swyrn62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196486160"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Munesh Chandra Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Agartala, Tripura, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Agartala, Tripura, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196486160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000731453","display_name":"C. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4292-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Hieu Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000731453","https://openalex.org/A5088002086","https://openalex.org/A5100721282","https://openalex.org/A5112364638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189109744","https://openalex.org/I196486160","https://openalex.org/I4210164565","https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98960356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"254","issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8905544281005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8493577241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6073256731033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5427797436714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5289478302001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-service","display_name":"Healthcare service","score":0.5032743811607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4896267056465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4000563323497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29067206382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09801241755485535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8905544281005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8493577241897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6073256731033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5427797436714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5289478302001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018279614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Healthcare service","level":3,"score":0.5032743811607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4896267056465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4000563323497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29067206382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09801241755485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:49969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-2297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023109746","https://openalex.org/W2176724742","https://openalex.org/W2388649072","https://openalex.org/W2795085730","https://openalex.org/W2800439477","https://openalex.org/W2913655108","https://openalex.org/W2914424007","https://openalex.org/W2930871722","https://openalex.org/W2997806720","https://openalex.org/W3005995123","https://openalex.org/W3195157635","https://openalex.org/W4200048999","https://openalex.org/W4206542133","https://openalex.org/W4206772848","https://openalex.org/W4210291784","https://openalex.org/W4232196967","https://openalex.org/W4233192639","https://openalex.org/W4310982867","https://openalex.org/W4318477538","https://openalex.org/W4320472617","https://openalex.org/W4376464525","https://openalex.org/W4381384781","https://openalex.org/W4387415332","https://openalex.org/W4392667656","https://openalex.org/W4392667834","https://openalex.org/W6685182071","https://openalex.org/W6743778963","https://openalex.org/W6781790112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W634837882","https://openalex.org/W4207012131","https://openalex.org/W2051882548","https://openalex.org/W1990666506","https://openalex.org/W1460595643","https://openalex.org/W4220789350","https://openalex.org/W3162849965","https://openalex.org/W2182507104","https://openalex.org/W3135514979","https://openalex.org/W1001519782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0],"Health":[1],"Records":[2],"(EHRs)":[3],"stored":[4],"in":[5,12,176,188],"cloud":[6],"environments":[7],"often":[8],"face":[9],"privacy":[10,45,104,178],"challenges":[11],"healthcare":[13,99,189],"data":[14,96,127],"management":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,49,54,92,113],"the":[18,56,170],"divide":[19],"between":[20],"patient":[21,103],"ownership":[22],"and":[23,37,52,62,80,105,132,147,180,190],"institutional":[24],"control.":[25],"Blockchain":[26,78,85],"technology":[27],"offers":[28],"a":[29],"promising":[30],"solution":[31],"with":[32,123],"its":[33],"features":[34],"of":[35],"immutability":[36],"traceability.":[38],"However,":[39],"existing":[40],"blockchain-based":[41],"approaches":[42,140],"for":[43,59,76,83,157,173],"EHR":[44,95,116,177],"preservation":[46,179],"are":[47,141],"limited":[48],"single":[50],"institutions":[51],"fail":[53],"address":[55],"critical":[57],"need":[58,172],"cross-chain":[60,174],"compatibility":[61,175],"digital":[63,107,136,186],"sovereignty.":[64,108],"To":[65],"bridge":[66],"this":[67],"gap,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"two":[71],"novel":[72],"strategies:":[73],"Polkadot-based":[74],"Cross-chain":[75,82],"EHR-preserving":[77,84],"(PCEB)":[79],"Relay-as-a-Service-based":[81],"(RaSCEB).":[86],"PCEB":[87],"utilizes":[88],"Polkadot's":[89],"relay":[90],"communication":[91],"securely":[93],"share":[94],"across":[97,118],"multiple":[98],"networks":[100],"while":[101,128,184],"preserving":[102],"ensuring":[106],"RaSCEB":[109],"introduces":[110],"Relay-as-a-Service":[111],"(RaaS)":[112],"enable":[114],"seamless":[115],"sharing":[117],"blockchain":[119,159],"ecosystems,":[120],"empowering":[121],"patients":[122],"control":[124],"over":[125,134],"their":[126,135],"maintaining":[129],"regulatory":[130],"compliance":[131],"sovereignty":[133,187],"health":[137],"records.":[138],"Both":[139],"validated":[142],"through":[143],"comprehensive":[144],"security":[145],"analysis":[146],"performance":[148],"evaluations.":[149],"We":[150],"also":[151],"present":[152],"an":[153],"interoperability":[154,182],"framework":[155],"tailored":[156],"permissioned":[158],"networks,":[160],"emphasizing":[161],"trust":[162],"derived":[163],"from":[164],"consensus":[165],"mechanisms.":[166],"Our":[167],"work":[168],"addresses":[169],"urgent":[171],"advances":[181],"solutions":[183],"safeguarding":[185],"beyond.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}