{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138331318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516","title":"Image signal process with dynamic class-rebalanced and IoU-threshold for unsupervised domain adaptive dark object detection","display_name":"Image signal process with dynamic class-rebalanced and IoU-threshold for unsupervised domain adaptive dark object detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138331318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129664175","display_name":"Yin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-9001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129664175","display_name":"Yin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-9001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129662274","display_name":"Yongqiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-7337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129662274","display_name":"Yongqiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-7337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-1402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129701622","display_name":"Man Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8048-7247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129728051","display_name":"Rui Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-6797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingli Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-7043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingli Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-7043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129722220","display_name":"Bogdan Raducanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Raducanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-8020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-1482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129662274","https://openalex.org/A5129664175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998","https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I2722730"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33132077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":null,"first_page":"113516","last_page":"113516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.06210000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7569000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viola\u2013jones-object-detection-framework","display_name":"Viola\u2013Jones object detection framework","score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.399399995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7569000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182521987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493877","display_name":"Viola\u2013Jones object detection framework","level":5,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6784583330154419,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5076762142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021SGR01499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W4388894382","https://openalex.org/W4402738866","https://openalex.org/W4402982589","https://openalex.org/W4406057785","https://openalex.org/W4408260001"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}