{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133742488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421","title":"Refined generation-based framework for consistent and reliable visual question answering","display_name":"Refined generation-based framework for consistent and reliable visual question answering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133742488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128216770","display_name":"Quanxing Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4354-8371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128190779","display_name":"Ling Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-5749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xian Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-0467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-0467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128170621","display_name":"Feifei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300382, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8153-9977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300382, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902782","display_name":"Jinyu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128175868","display_name":"Xiaohan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-0520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121882914","display_name":"Rubing Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165204","display_name":"Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05r1mzq61","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165204"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China","Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519099, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4210165204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128190779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99329716,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"178","issue":null,"first_page":"113421","last_page":"113421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.791700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2833000123500824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.791700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6845999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2409999966621399}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3001091189","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3087338569","https://openalex.org/W3216857888","https://openalex.org/W4315880881","https://openalex.org/W4400850904","https://openalex.org/W4402436603","https://openalex.org/W4403997808","https://openalex.org/W4406757260","https://openalex.org/W4408627647","https://openalex.org/W4412495672","https://openalex.org/W7124312690"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-03-06T00:00:00"}