{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133301451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369","title":"Multimodal metaphor understanding and generation in MLLMs: A dataset and reasoning framework","display_name":"Multimodal metaphor understanding and generation in MLLMs: A dataset and reasoning framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133301451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042121809","display_name":"Senqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-2291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-2291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127906962","display_name":"Dongyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156292868","display_name":"Dalian University of Foreign Languages","ror":"https://ror.org/008a8z393","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156292868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China","School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-5560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156292868","https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064117342","display_name":"Zihang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8444-1419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124941514","display_name":"Haojia Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8251-6964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guiru Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4936-5758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156292868","display_name":"Dalian University of Foreign Languages","ror":"https://ror.org/008a8z393","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156292868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiru Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4936-5758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156292868","https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5281-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156292868","display_name":"Dalian University of Foreign Languages","ror":"https://ror.org/008a8z393","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156292868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5281-3111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156292868","https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124884587","display_name":"Wanqiu Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqiu Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6362-7084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127875605","display_name":"Zeqi Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeqi Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7258-1059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127970406","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4208-1566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127916477","display_name":"Mingshuo Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingshuo Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9362-6718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128011650","display_name":"Hongfei Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-7688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127906962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156292868","https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97534153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"178","issue":null,"first_page":"113369","last_page":"113369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"Metaphor","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5940999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backtracking","display_name":"Backtracking","score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.423799991607666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5940999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156884757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798554","display_name":"Backtracking","level":2,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3819115411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62576073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6422809299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25AYY004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W2167481535","https://openalex.org/W3198711991","https://openalex.org/W4378193985","https://openalex.org/W4390484958","https://openalex.org/W4392570944","https://openalex.org/W4394693390","https://openalex.org/W4401671778","https://openalex.org/W4405853981","https://openalex.org/W4409349177","https://openalex.org/W4410349225","https://openalex.org/W4412421513","https://openalex.org/W4415723237","https://openalex.org/W4416535398"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
