{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167940143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","title":"Mapping human sleep-state brain function with simultaneous EEG and neuroimaging: A systematic review","display_name":"Mapping human sleep-state brain function with simultaneous EEG and neuroimaging: A systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167940143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42431562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046091433","display_name":"Angeliki Pollatou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeliki Pollatou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States. Electronic address: angeliki.field-pollatou.ctr@usuhs.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-4187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States. Electronic address: angeliki.field-pollatou.ctr@usuhs.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135651139","display_name":"Grant Tays","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Tays","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010925037","display_name":"Lillian Skeiky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-6704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Skeiky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135683263","display_name":"William Coon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Coon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138348480","display_name":"Clara Scholl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Scholl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059155386","display_name":"Nastaren Abad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-0492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189448455","display_name":"General Electric (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gbh9b75","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386","https://openalex.org/I189448455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nastaren Abad","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189448455","https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135673650","display_name":"Elizabeth Metzger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Metzger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; The Geneva Foundation, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048429301","display_name":"Luca Marinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189448455","display_name":"General Electric (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gbh9b75","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386","https://openalex.org/I189448455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Marinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189448455","https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083979260","display_name":"Afis Ajala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189448455","display_name":"General Electric (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gbh9b75","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386","https://openalex.org/I189448455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afis Ajala","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE HealthCare Technology & Innovation Center, GE HealthCare, Niskayuna, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189448455","https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018427948","display_name":"Ping\u2010Hong Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-7693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Hong Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States; National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019791528","display_name":"Tracy Jill Doty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Jill Doty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098507923","display_name":"Robert Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081701719","display_name":"Angelica Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelica Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021800772","display_name":"Vincent F. Capaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent F. Capaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140408736","display_name":"Sharon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140452169","display_name":"J. Kent Werner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800363604","display_name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/025cem651","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800363604","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kent Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, MD, United States; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800363604"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77742616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"338","issue":null,"first_page":"122122","last_page":"122122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.2500999867916107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.2500999867916107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.20579999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.20090000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-brain","display_name":"Human brain","score":0.7361000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-function","display_name":"Brain function","score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-fmri","display_name":"EEG-fMRI","score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-mapping","display_name":"Brain mapping","score":0.4408999979496002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.7361000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018390542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073","display_name":"Brain function","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125990524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322921","display_name":"EEG-fMRI","level":3,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779632907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13444883","display_name":"Brain Structure and Function","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059906","descriptor_name":"Neuroimaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42431562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42431562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332504","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332925","display_name":"Defense Health Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03df8gj37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4397997914","display_name":"Military Operational Medicine Research Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":256,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3676069","https://openalex.org/W35951801","https://openalex.org/W37929333","https://openalex.org/W104727056","https://openalex.org/W1464493988","https://openalex.org/W1537142000","https://openalex.org/W1587631052","https://openalex.org/W1595585779","https://openalex.org/W1643594517","https://openalex.org/W1670495822","https://openalex.org/W1868769070","https://openalex.org/W1965123677","https://openalex.org/W1965745028","https://openalex.org/W1966294182","https://openalex.org/W1966474021","https://openalex.org/W1966649586","https://openalex.org/W1967254023","https://openalex.org/W1968331951","https://openalex.org/W1968693054","https://openalex.org/W1969422078","https://openalex.org/W1970104266","https://openalex.org/W1972982284","https://openalex.org/W1973117088","https://openalex.org/W1973542862","https://openalex.org/W1975386253","https://openalex.org/W1975626148","https://openalex.org/W1977521853","https://openalex.org/W1978037048","https://openalex.org/W1978246161","https://openalex.org/W1978866722","https://openalex.org/W1982798156","https://openalex.org/W1986409253","https://openalex.org/W1987356423","https://openalex.org/W1987574933","https://openalex.org/W1995710221","https://openalex.org/W2001567161","https://openalex.org/W2001976682","https://openalex.org/W2002738263","https://openalex.org/W2003899799","https://openalex.org/W2004417880","https://openalex.org/W2006788741","https://openalex.org/W2011826793","https://openalex.org/W2013143436","https://openalex.org/W2016429181","https://openalex.org/W2019614414","https://openalex.org/W2022905345","https://openalex.org/W2024864058","https://openalex.org/W2026677898","https://openalex.org/W2027622422","https://openalex.org/W2028398327","https://openalex.org/W2028809802","https://openalex.org/W2028925772","https://openalex.org/W2031750133","https://openalex.org/W2033160906","https://openalex.org/W2033161305","https://openalex.org/W2033653259","https://openalex.org/W2034623335","https://openalex.org/W2035831965","https://openalex.org/W2036325410","https://openalex.org/W2038655195","https://openalex.org/W2038791150","https://openalex.org/W2041316075","https://openalex.org/W2043757388","https://openalex.org/W2046203847","https://openalex.org/W2046305796","https://openalex.org/W2050961439","https://openalex.org/W2051064876","https://openalex.org/W2054556759","https://openalex.org/W2058272250","https://openalex.org/W2058834450","https://openalex.org/W2059018477","https://openalex.org/W2059930859","https://openalex.org/W2062596993","https://openalex.org/W2065095042","https://openalex.org/W2066806481","https://openalex.org/W2072846584","https://openalex.org/W2076327464","https://openalex.org/W2077815517","https://openalex.org/W2081409023","https://openalex.org/W2082659070","https://openalex.org/W2082805213","https://openalex.org/W2083872382","https://openalex.org/W2084108509","https://openalex.org/W2086460375","https://openalex.org/W2088196547","https://openalex.org/W2091584277","https://openalex.org/W2092397442","https://openalex.org/W2092465870","https://openalex.org/W2094500507","https://openalex.org/W2097617006","https://openalex.org/W2102024835","https://openalex.org/W2104605616","https://openalex.org/W2106261587","https://openalex.org/W2109737186","https://openalex.org/W2111902267","https://openalex.org/W2113258293","https://openalex.org/W2120869462","https://openalex.org/W2121985796","https://openalex.org/W2122537691","https://openalex.org/W2125664352","https://openalex.org/W2127136584","https://openalex.org/W2129953207","https://openalex.org/W2132151583","https://openalex.org/W2136529616","https://openalex.org/W2142195676","https://openalex.org/W2144573904","https://openalex.org/W2147396017","https://openalex.org/W2147870287","https://openalex.org/W2149487034","https://openalex.org/W2149745827","https://openalex.org/W2151583242","https://openalex.org/W2152311651","https://openalex.org/W2154158534","https://openalex.org/W2155245085","https://openalex.org/W2159502931","https://openalex.org/W2160319996","https://openalex.org/W2160512736","https://openalex.org/W2161091552","https://openalex.org/W2161491890","https://openalex.org/W2161937485","https://openalex.org/W2163523867","https://openalex.org/W2167014329","https://openalex.org/W2167759040","https://openalex.org/W2178223022","https://openalex.org/W2218277436","https://openalex.org/W2226929441","https://openalex.org/W2238559090","https://openalex.org/W2403111963","https://openalex.org/W2418705881","https://openalex.org/W2420668911","https://openalex.org/W2421214640","https://openalex.org/W2468609052","https://openalex.org/W2504184724","https://openalex.org/W2537897015","https://openalex.org/W2591526547","https://openalex.org/W2605773692","https://openalex.org/W2607177050","https://openalex.org/W2734908661","https://openalex.org/W2736296047","https://openalex.org/W2750930994","https://openalex.org/W2766084857","https://openalex.org/W2768051671","https://openalex.org/W2770136240","https://openalex.org/W2770550715","https://openalex.org/W2770886369","https://openalex.org/W2776104200","https://openalex.org/W2778637877","https://openalex.org/W2788317459","https://openalex.org/W2791125790","https://openalex.org/W2804204474","https://openalex.org/W2804381908","https://openalex.org/W2883911634","https://openalex.org/W2885613954","https://openalex.org/W2891457292","https://openalex.org/W2898578370","https://openalex.org/W2902751862","https://openalex.org/W2902888190","https://openalex.org/W2903063728","https://openalex.org/W2903681828","https://openalex.org/W2903901888","https://openalex.org/W2912886908","https://openalex.org/W2918768639","https://openalex.org/W2926260818","https://openalex.org/W2933989772","https://openalex.org/W2946482383","https://openalex.org/W2946793155","https://openalex.org/W2949267445","https://openalex.org/W2965986782","https://openalex.org/W2969387458","https://openalex.org/W2972360240","https://openalex.org/W2973007151","https://openalex.org/W2982606466","https://openalex.org/W2982626951","https://openalex.org/W2982649648","https://openalex.org/W2983631207","https://openalex.org/W2991841285","https://openalex.org/W3011447795","https://openalex.org/W3015763113","https://openalex.org/W3017098243","https://openalex.org/W3036742533","https://openalex.org/W3037540166","https://openalex.org/W3042171525","https://openalex.org/W3092045017","https://openalex.org/W3092581765","https://openalex.org/W3104147040","https://openalex.org/W3111841296","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3120573712","https://openalex.org/W3130261581","https://openalex.org/W3133714296","https://openalex.org/W3133741823","https://openalex.org/W3136452115","https://openalex.org/W3157866090","https://openalex.org/W3159026962","https://openalex.org/W3159963121","https://openalex.org/W3162118785","https://openalex.org/W3167446851","https://openalex.org/W3175148189","https://openalex.org/W3177655823","https://openalex.org/W3194582130","https://openalex.org/W3200589211","https://openalex.org/W3202239402","https://openalex.org/W3209370786","https://openalex.org/W4206393153","https://openalex.org/W4210901950","https://openalex.org/W4220726505","https://openalex.org/W4220919152","https://openalex.org/W4221070906","https://openalex.org/W4221089849","https://openalex.org/W4225260995","https://openalex.org/W4225370447","https://openalex.org/W4250869555","https://openalex.org/W4281553011","https://openalex.org/W4282562458","https://openalex.org/W4283589877","https://openalex.org/W4283787456","https://openalex.org/W4285405643","https://openalex.org/W4286492093","https://openalex.org/W4287732206","https://openalex.org/W4289833750","https://openalex.org/W4293447733","https://openalex.org/W4294942937","https://openalex.org/W4308298462","https://openalex.org/W4308309632","https://openalex.org/W4309672694","https://openalex.org/W4310640601","https://openalex.org/W4311967392","https://openalex.org/W4366207489","https://openalex.org/W4366599352","https://openalex.org/W4368363033","https://openalex.org/W4385302335","https://openalex.org/W4386258358","https://openalex.org/W4386701520","https://openalex.org/W4389218977","https://openalex.org/W4389454459","https://openalex.org/W4390939877","https://openalex.org/W4393119735","https://openalex.org/W4393386828","https://openalex.org/W4400614533","https://openalex.org/W4400824400","https://openalex.org/W4402841179","https://openalex.org/W4404297718","https://openalex.org/W4404880952","https://openalex.org/W4405394949","https://openalex.org/W4407258706","https://openalex.org/W4407556217","https://openalex.org/W4410084122","https://openalex.org/W4410412985","https://openalex.org/W4410758067","https://openalex.org/W4411632958","https://openalex.org/W4412830117","https://openalex.org/W4414910818","https://openalex.org/W4415502860","https://openalex.org/W4416225752","https://openalex.org/W4416390619","https://openalex.org/W7127428077"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,29],"dynamic":[3],"process":[4],"involving":[5],"complex":[6],"changes":[7],"in":[8,99,149,175,183,189,218],"brain":[9,34,247],"activity":[10,35,174,182],"across":[11,80,162,240],"distinct":[12],"stages,":[13,165],"yet":[14],"the":[15,38,44,58,67],"neurobiology":[16],"of":[17,41,47,61,71,75,232,245],"these":[18],"transitions":[19],"remains":[20],"poorly":[21],"understood.":[22],"Simultaneous":[23],"electroencephalography":[24],"(EEG)":[25],"and":[26,57,92,106,125,143,151,159,177,200,216,237],"neuroimaging":[27],"provide":[28],"unique":[30],"window":[31],"into":[32],"stage-specific":[33],"by":[36,114],"combining":[37],"temporal":[39],"precision":[40],"EEG":[42,91],"with":[43,101,135,166,207],"spatial":[45],"resolution":[46],"functional":[48],"Magnetic":[49],"Resonance":[50],"Imaging":[51],"(fMRI),":[52],"Positron":[53],"Emission":[54],"Tomography":[55],"(PET),":[56],"signal":[59],"specificity":[60],"Near-Infrared":[62],"Spectroscopy":[63],"(NIRS).":[64],"We":[65],"conducted":[66],"first":[68],"systematic":[69,227],"review":[70,228],"simultaneous":[72,90,233],"EEG-neuroimaging":[73],"studies":[74,88,108],"human":[76],"sleep.":[77],"Systematic":[78],"searches":[79],"five":[81],"databases":[82],"identified":[83],"205":[84],"eligible":[85],"studies.":[86],"Eligible":[87],"recorded":[89],"fMRI,":[93],"PET,":[94],"or":[95],"NIRS":[96],"during":[97],"sleep":[98,117,122,171,219,224],"humans,":[100],"EEG-based":[102],"staging;":[103],"sequential":[104],"acquisition":[105],"awake-only":[107],"were":[109,112],"excluded.":[110],"Findings":[111],"grouped":[113],"imaging":[115],"modality,":[116],"state":[118],"(NREM,":[119],"REM,":[120],"transitions),":[121],"manipulation":[123,220],"type,":[124],"population":[126],"(healthy":[127],"vs.":[128],"clinical).":[129],"The":[130],"majority":[131],"used":[132,223],"EEG-fMRI":[133],"(n=141),":[134],"smaller":[136],"numbers":[137],"employing":[138],"EEG-PET":[139],"(n=34),":[140],"EEG-NIRS":[141],"(n=26),":[142],"multimodal":[144],"combinations":[145],"(n=4).":[146],"Despite":[147],"heterogeneity":[148,217],"protocols":[150,221],"analyses,":[152],"convergent":[153,236],"findings":[154,239],"highlight":[155],"robust":[156],"thalamic,":[157],"precuneus":[158],"cingulate":[160],"involvement":[161],"non-REM":[163],"(NREM)":[164],"additional":[167],"modality-specific":[168],"insights.":[169],"REM":[170],"showed":[172],"increased":[173],"limbic":[176],"paralimbic":[178],"networks,":[179],"alongside":[180],"reduced":[181],"executive":[184],"control":[185],"regions.":[186],"Studies":[187],"varied":[188],"design":[190],"(49%":[191],"overnight-only,":[192],"20%":[193],"nap-only),":[194],"populations":[195],"(74%":[196],"healthy":[197],"adults":[198],"only),":[199],"staging":[201],"approaches":[202],"(61%":[203],"using":[204],"30-sec":[205],"epochs),":[206],"methodological":[208],"challenges":[209],"including":[210],"small":[211],"sample":[212],"sizes":[213],"(median":[214],"N=18)":[215],"(28%":[222],"restriction).":[225],"This":[226],"synthesizes":[229],"three":[230],"decades":[231],"EEG-neuroimaging,":[234],"mapping":[235],"divergent":[238],"modalities":[241],"to":[242],"advance":[243],"understanding":[244],"sleep-state":[246],"function.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-07-11T00:00:00"}