{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417256857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","title":"The predictive brain: Neural correlates of word expectancy align with large language model prediction probabilities","display_name":"The predictive brain: Neural correlates of word expectancy align with large language model prediction probabilities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417256857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42069024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115513376","display_name":"Nikola K\u00f6lbl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola K\u00f6lbl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051256315","display_name":"Konstantin Tziridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-9249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088053","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/0030f2a11","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Tziridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619735","display_name":"Andreas Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-5284"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004090819","display_name":"Thomas M. Kinfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-543X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802164966","display_name":"University Hospital Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/013czdx64","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156450","display_name":"University Medical Centre Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxbyd35","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156450"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kinfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-543X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I2802164966","https://openalex.org/I4210156450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057999426","display_name":"Ricardo Chavarriaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-2860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":null,"country_code":"CH","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104877","display_name":"Zurich Chamber of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/01dph1h97","country_code":"CH","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104877"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Chavarriaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZHAW Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZHAW Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200744771","https://openalex.org/I4210104877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026690582","display_name":"Achim Schilling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-305X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802164966","display_name":"University Hospital Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/013czdx64","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Schilling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany; Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-305X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany; Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062539159","display_name":"Patrick Krau\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-7733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802164966","display_name":"University Hospital Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/013czdx64","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany; Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany. Electronic address: patrick.krauss@fau.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-7733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; CCN Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Germany; Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany; BGU Ludwigshafen, Germany. Electronic address: patrick.krauss@fau.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062539159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I2802164966"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01224633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"334","issue":null,"first_page":"121966","last_page":"121966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8127999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8127999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n400","display_name":"N400","score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.6500999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-correlates-of-consciousness","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-coding","display_name":"Predictive coding","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoencephalography","display_name":"Magnetoencephalography","score":0.4050999879837036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181598458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969643","display_name":"N400","level":4,"score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.6500999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129564537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460873","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","level":3,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315146","display_name":"Predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556910895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384188","display_name":"Magnetoencephalography","level":3,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21715850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720968","display_name":"Mismatch negativity","level":3,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015225","descriptor_name":"Magnetoencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059031","descriptor_name":"Anticipation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059031","descriptor_name":"Anticipation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059031","descriptor_name":"Anticipation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42069024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42069024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.08511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08511","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.08511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/36546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11475/36546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401811","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07c63f4771184f7cb36f1a2d3cb16a63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07c63f4771184f7cb36f1a2d3cb16a63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage, Vol 334, Iss , Pp 121966- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.08511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.08511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.21256/zhaw-36546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-36546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051289","display_name":"ZHAW Digital Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103225281","display_name":"NeuroImage","issn_l":"1053-8119","issn":["1053-8119","1095-9572"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NeuroImage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predictive":[0],"coding":[1],"theory":[2],"suggests":[3],"that":[4,63,125],"the":[5,16,126,145,173,182],"brain":[6,127],"continuously":[7],"anticipates":[8],"upcoming":[9],"words":[10],"to":[11,39,47,109,117,136,148],"optimize":[12],"language":[13,138,158,179],"processing,":[14],"but":[15],"neural":[17,70],"mechanisms":[18],"remain":[19],"unclear,":[20],"particularly":[21],"in":[22,77,94,107,178],"naturalistic":[23,153],"speech.":[24],"Here,":[25],"we":[26],"simultaneously":[27],"recorded":[28],"EEG":[29,89],"and":[30,43,55,81,180],"MEG":[31,99],"data":[32,90],"from":[33],"29":[34],"participants":[35],"while":[36,98],"they":[37],"listened":[38],"an":[40],"audio":[41],"book":[42],"assigned":[44],"predictability":[45,65],"scores":[46],"nouns":[48],"using":[49,152],"three":[50],"LLMs:":[51],"one":[52],"BERT":[53],"model":[54],"two":[56],"multilingual":[57],"LLaMA":[58],"models.":[59],"Our":[60,163],"results":[61],"show":[62],"higher":[64],"is":[66,144],"associated":[67],"with":[68,82,132,160],"reduced":[69],"responses":[71],"during":[72],"word":[73,87],"recognition,":[74],"as":[75],"reflected":[76],"lower":[78],"N400":[79],"amplitudes,":[80],"increased":[83,92],"anticipatory":[84],"activity":[85],"before":[86],"onset.":[88],"revealed":[91],"pre-activation":[93],"left":[95],"fronto-temporal":[96],"regions,":[97],"showed":[100],"a":[101,113],"tendency":[102],"for":[103,168],"greater":[104],"sensorimotor":[105],"engagement":[106],"response":[108],"low-predictability":[110],"words,":[111],"suggesting":[112],"possible":[114],"motor-related":[115],"component":[116],"linguistic":[118],"anticipation.":[119],"These":[120],"findings":[121,164],"provide":[122,165],"new":[123],"evidence":[124],"dynamically":[128],"integrates":[129],"top-down":[130],"predictions":[131],"bottom-up":[133],"sensory":[134],"input":[135],"facilitate":[137],"comprehension.":[139],"To":[140],"our":[141],"knowledge,":[142],"this":[143],"first":[146],"study":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"these":[150],"effects":[151],"speech":[154],"stimuli,":[155],"bridging":[156],"computational":[157,170],"models":[159],"neurophysiological":[161],"data.":[162],"novel":[166],"insights":[167],"cognitive":[169],"neuroscience,":[171],"advancing":[172],"understanding":[174],"of":[175,184],"predictive":[176],"processing":[177],"inspiring":[181],"development":[183],"neuroscience-inspired":[185],"AI.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}