{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134199733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","title":"FreeMD: Training-free multi-domain text-to-image generation with any control","display_name":"FreeMD: Training-free multi-domain text-to-image generation with any control","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134199733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41833196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingwen Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-5896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwen Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518107, China. Electronic address: smw278@126.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-5896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518107, China. Electronic address: smw278@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084915668","display_name":"C. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: upc_liuchang@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9192-9872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: upc_liuchang@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128369878","display_name":"Xiang Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: lvxiang1997@126.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-1608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: lvxiang1997@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091712399","display_name":"Lingzhuang Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-6989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingzhuang Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: lzhmeng1688@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-6989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: lzhmeng1688@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084520562","display_name":"Yecong Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-3861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yecong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: yecongwan@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-3861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: yecongwan@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103369640","display_name":"Z. R. Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: 17865420733@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6577-026X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China. Electronic address: 17865420733@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084915668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.427293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"200","issue":null,"first_page":"108823","last_page":"108823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.8894000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.8894000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12377","display_name":"Digital Humanities and Scholarship","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.7897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-generation","display_name":"Text generation","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.35920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.7897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7616999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985684807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Text generation","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779954242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031227","display_name":"Information structure","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92548554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2262868","display_name":"Domain model","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2026.108823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41833196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41833196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2822445701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7504528221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7895523656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA1000102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982218747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022MF260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2507296351","https://openalex.org/W2913044631","https://openalex.org/W2955639361","https://openalex.org/W3097516950","https://openalex.org/W3139322497","https://openalex.org/W4379382445"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}
