{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013927960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","title":"Crowding in humans is unlike that in convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Crowding in humans is unlike that in convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013927960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","mag":"3013927960","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32272430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077206375","display_name":"Ben Lonnqvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Lonnqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: ben.lonnqvist.16@abdn.ac.uk","Business School, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: ben.lonnqvist.16@abdn.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027428093","display_name":"Alasdair D. F. Clarke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-2351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alasdair D.F. Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: a.clarke@essex.ac.uk","Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: a.clarke@essex.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002853598","display_name":"Ramakrishna Chakravarthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-047X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishna Chakravarthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: rama@abdn.ac.uk","School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: rama@abdn.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077206375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71561003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"126","issue":null,"first_page":"262","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7037560939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding","display_name":"Crowding","score":0.6581995487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5944358110427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5739263296127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3572911024093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.325543612241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.26742982864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12879496812820435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7037560939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149333683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189188","display_name":"Crowding","level":2,"score":0.6581995487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5944358110427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5739263296127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3572911024093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.325543612241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.26742982864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12879496812820435}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.03.021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32272430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32272430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1833903074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K40 GPU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","funder_display_name":"Nvidia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2010355708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tesla K40 GPU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","funder_display_name":"Nvidia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801408398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tesla K40","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","funder_display_name":"Nvidia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179093690","https://openalex.org/W1513663110","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1715013381","https://openalex.org/W1821584645","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1963693586","https://openalex.org/W1978581712","https://openalex.org/W1979495411","https://openalex.org/W1994166112","https://openalex.org/W1999307961","https://openalex.org/W2020259365","https://openalex.org/W2030522750","https://openalex.org/W2032943378","https://openalex.org/W2040036684","https://openalex.org/W2041525833","https://openalex.org/W2044147198","https://openalex.org/W2046978952","https://openalex.org/W2050271480","https://openalex.org/W2051091932","https://openalex.org/W2056203159","https://openalex.org/W2064885356","https://openalex.org/W2096645541","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2127066460","https://openalex.org/W2127370379","https://openalex.org/W2141790984","https://openalex.org/W2147527908","https://openalex.org/W2162950292","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166206801","https://openalex.org/W2166962130","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2274405424","https://openalex.org/W2328322609","https://openalex.org/W2412480261","https://openalex.org/W2511730936","https://openalex.org/W2607416176","https://openalex.org/W2763767712","https://openalex.org/W2764024122","https://openalex.org/W2775795276","https://openalex.org/W2786995129","https://openalex.org/W2808155955","https://openalex.org/W2810416197","https://openalex.org/W2892147425","https://openalex.org/W2914105075","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949512190","https://openalex.org/W2949650786","https://openalex.org/W2950179405","https://openalex.org/W2951308125","https://openalex.org/W2951527505","https://openalex.org/W2952186574","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963703618","https://openalex.org/W2964176953","https://openalex.org/W2979357328","https://openalex.org/W2980058074","https://openalex.org/W2999662386","https://openalex.org/W3044192874","https://openalex.org/W3098596645","https://openalex.org/W4231856520","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6682137061","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6737356553","https://openalex.org/W6740728518","https://openalex.org/W6763776190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}