{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160710181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","title":"Foundation models meet multimodal neuroimaging: A generative transformer-based framework for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis","display_name":"Foundation models meet multimodal neuroimaging: A generative transformer-based framework for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160710181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035691852","display_name":"Luca Zedda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Zedda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-1612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010294470","display_name":"Andrea Loddo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-3816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Loddo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-3816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132656191","display_name":"Cecilia Di Ruberto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Di Ruberto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-0307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035691852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59525939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"694","issue":null,"first_page":"133916","last_page":"133916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.1662999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.1662999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.045099999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.3675000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.23170000314712524}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/482307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231226013135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334079","display_name":"Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5497039910","display_name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito","ror":"https://ror.org/01ehyh486"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150534249","https://openalex.org/W2606318425","https://openalex.org/W2914209001","https://openalex.org/W3022315685","https://openalex.org/W3116132399","https://openalex.org/W3127597934","https://openalex.org/W3178350790","https://openalex.org/W3210926952","https://openalex.org/W3216798277","https://openalex.org/W4210385745","https://openalex.org/W4220689216","https://openalex.org/W4220869656","https://openalex.org/W4283156058","https://openalex.org/W4294691653","https://openalex.org/W4296800293","https://openalex.org/W4377096463","https://openalex.org/W4377234446","https://openalex.org/W4386995762","https://openalex.org/W4399731232","https://openalex.org/W4404976918","https://openalex.org/W4407552021","https://openalex.org/W4410036139","https://openalex.org/W4410086815","https://openalex.org/W4411857575"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incomplete":[0],"neuroimaging":[1],"data":[2,73,86],"remains":[3],"a":[4,16,29,52,63,96,128,136],"major":[5],"challenge":[6],"in":[7,38,146,155,180],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[8,58],"disease":[9,59],"diagnosis,":[10],"as":[11,95,105],"many":[12],"patients":[13],"undergo":[14],"only":[15],"subset":[17],"of":[18,41,154,188],"recommended":[19],"imaging":[20],"protocols.":[21],"This":[22],"work":[23],"addresses":[24],"this":[25],"limitation":[26],"by":[27],"proposing":[28],"generative":[30,64,161,189],"transformer-based":[31,137],"framework":[32,56],"designed":[33],"to":[34,79],"support":[35],"multimodal":[36,47,149],"analysis":[37],"the":[39,181,186],"presence":[40],"missing":[42],"modalities.":[43],"We":[44],"systematically":[45],"investigate":[46],"performance":[48],"and":[49,71,74,163,185,198],"fairness":[50],"within":[51],"unified":[53],"foundation":[54],"model":[55],"for":[57,100,107,118],"classification":[60,157],"while":[61,122],"introducing":[62],"approach":[65],"that":[66,135],"combines":[67],"structural":[68],"MRI,":[69],"DTI,":[70],"PET":[72,176],"leverages":[75],"ControlNet-based":[76],"diffusion":[77],"models":[78],"synthesize":[80],"anatomically":[81],"consistent":[82],"surrogate":[83],"modalities":[84],"when":[85,158],"are":[87,92,116,125,169],"unavailable.":[88],"These":[89],"synthetic":[90,204],"images":[91],"used":[93],"exclusively":[94],"training-time":[97],"augmentation":[98,162,190],"strategy":[99],"incomplete-modality":[101],"settings,":[102,150],"rather":[103],"than":[104],"replacements":[106],"clinical":[108,123,164],"acquisitions.":[109],"Vision":[110],"transformers":[111],"adapted":[112],"via":[113],"Low-Rank":[114],"Adaptation":[115],"employed":[117],"efficient":[119],"feature":[120],"extraction,":[121],"variables":[124],"integrated":[126],"through":[127],"dedicated":[129],"projection":[130],"module.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"fusion":[138],"head":[139],"can":[140],"improve":[141],"over":[142],"simple":[143],"aggregation":[144],"strategies":[145],"some":[147,195],"complex":[148],"achieving":[151],"an":[152],"F1-score":[153],"multiclass":[156],"combined":[159],"with":[160,194],"data.":[165],"However,":[166],"these":[167],"benefits":[168],"not":[170],"uniform":[171],"since":[172],"strong":[173],"unimodal":[174],"volumetric":[175],"baselines":[177],"remain":[178],"superior":[179],"best-case":[182],"binary":[183],"setting,":[184],"effect":[187],"is":[191],"strongly":[192],"configuration-dependent,":[193],"settings":[196],"benefiting":[197],"others":[199],"degrading":[200],"substantially":[201],"under":[202],"non-selective":[203],"augmentation.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T06:05:50.897203","created_date":"2026-05-10T00:00:00"}
