{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160921050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899","title":"Simplified reinforcement learning for optimal tracking control of input-constrained nonlinear systems using neural networks","display_name":"Simplified reinforcement learning for optimal tracking control of input-constrained nonlinear systems using neural networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160921050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101879438","display_name":"Chaoyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-2089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135957199","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-4911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-4911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135922462","display_name":"Ning Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7726996","display_name":"Henan University of Economic and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/000jtc944","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7726996"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135957199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93231871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133899","last_page":"133899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6744999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.4426000118255615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7357000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6744999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91873725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3445816","display_name":"Function approximation","level":3,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115680565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977448","display_name":"Gradient method","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202286095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579262","display_name":"Error function","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89109886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535924","display_name":"Trust region","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6180225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3411771","display_name":"Penalty method","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91581856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707001","display_name":"Nonlinear control","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.757038950920105}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595516097","https://openalex.org/W1863485266","https://openalex.org/W1968908471","https://openalex.org/W2059722814","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2108286682","https://openalex.org/W2163114046","https://openalex.org/W2587974691","https://openalex.org/W2803623613","https://openalex.org/W2892319421","https://openalex.org/W2905413452","https://openalex.org/W2944972048","https://openalex.org/W2951848338","https://openalex.org/W2981246288","https://openalex.org/W2998437857","https://openalex.org/W3028922159","https://openalex.org/W3038822267","https://openalex.org/W3042737196","https://openalex.org/W3047221759","https://openalex.org/W3114263192","https://openalex.org/W3124981469","https://openalex.org/W3161844359","https://openalex.org/W3168257632","https://openalex.org/W4237591687","https://openalex.org/W4280620804","https://openalex.org/W4282944715","https://openalex.org/W4285240592","https://openalex.org/W4293064926","https://openalex.org/W4308739272","https://openalex.org/W4310291816","https://openalex.org/W4323041581","https://openalex.org/W4386472868","https://openalex.org/W4393131941","https://openalex.org/W4401733301","https://openalex.org/W4402547334","https://openalex.org/W4402624667","https://openalex.org/W4414223064","https://openalex.org/W4414223098","https://openalex.org/W4416743863"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T06:09:40.864956","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}