{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161829524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","title":"CLIS: Causality-inspired Longitudinal Image Synthesis and its application to Alzheimer\u2019s disease characterization","display_name":"CLIS: Causality-inspired Longitudinal Image Synthesis and its application to Alzheimer\u2019s disease characterization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161829524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42172936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136604743","display_name":"Yujia Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092817","display_name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f58mx93","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: liyujia21@mails.ucas.ac.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: liyujia21@mails.ucas.ac.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136597561","display_name":"Han Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; Chair of Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Germany. Electronic address: han.li@tum.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; Chair of Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Germany. Electronic address: han.li@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136573668","display_name":"Zhuowei Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuowei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China. Electronic address: xuzhuowei@mail.ustc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China. Electronic address: xuzhuowei@mail.ustc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136540848","display_name":"S. Kevin Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092817","display_name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f58mx93","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Kevin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Digital Twin Technology, USTC, China; Biomedical Basic Research Center (BBRC) of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, USTC, China. Electronic address: skevinzhou@ustc.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging, Robotics, Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) Lab, YRD-RIGHT, USTC Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Digital Twin Technology, USTC, China; Biomedical Basic Research Center (BBRC) of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, USTC, China. Electronic address: skevinzhou@ustc.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136540848","https://openalex.org/A5136597561","https://openalex.org/A5136604743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210092817","https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6297789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":null,"first_page":"104126","last_page":"104126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.12960000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.12960000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.08919999748468399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-synthesis","display_name":"Image synthesis","score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.2987000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989087649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Image synthesis","level":3,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42172936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42172936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484463237","https://openalex.org/W1761228750","https://openalex.org/W1977523725","https://openalex.org/W1984652813","https://openalex.org/W1989217296","https://openalex.org/W1992841111","https://openalex.org/W2010176747","https://openalex.org/W2014796605","https://openalex.org/W2017516371","https://openalex.org/W2023168194","https://openalex.org/W2032746760","https://openalex.org/W2043447152","https://openalex.org/W2060878195","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065184319","https://openalex.org/W2070503901","https://openalex.org/W2098770617","https://openalex.org/W2100920507","https://openalex.org/W2104811587","https://openalex.org/W2108991929","https://openalex.org/W2110759468","https://openalex.org/W2126776155","https://openalex.org/W2144749242","https://openalex.org/W2145661921","https://openalex.org/W2145828601","https://openalex.org/W2150554014","https://openalex.org/W2150996947","https://openalex.org/W2154778070","https://openalex.org/W2297715268","https://openalex.org/W2327790265","https://openalex.org/W2474981734","https://openalex.org/W2510053021","https://openalex.org/W2592672814","https://openalex.org/W2763470121","https://openalex.org/W2903356598","https://openalex.org/W2909627766","https://openalex.org/W2945779890","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963635991","https://openalex.org/W2963768110","https://openalex.org/W2994435742","https://openalex.org/W3007289092","https://openalex.org/W3038748576","https://openalex.org/W3047286661","https://openalex.org/W3092742617","https://openalex.org/W3134003013","https://openalex.org/W3171948477","https://openalex.org/W3176913662","https://openalex.org/W3194713134","https://openalex.org/W3217167023","https://openalex.org/W4200082301","https://openalex.org/W4211011723","https://openalex.org/W4221041873","https://openalex.org/W4229014737","https://openalex.org/W4240795372","https://openalex.org/W4289444639","https://openalex.org/W4297536952","https://openalex.org/W4388785253","https://openalex.org/W4389221690","https://openalex.org/W4391990232","https://openalex.org/W4392504161","https://openalex.org/W4399709995","https://openalex.org/W4401841076","https://openalex.org/W4402970442","https://openalex.org/W4403702760","https://openalex.org/W4410338607","https://openalex.org/W4411089573","https://openalex.org/W4412809086"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}