{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160323442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","title":"VQ-DoseNet: A vector quantized model for stochastic radiotherapy dose prediction","display_name":"VQ-DoseNet: A vector quantized model for stochastic radiotherapy dose prediction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160323442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42134284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135386746","display_name":"Dong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-8945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135370838","display_name":"Yao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-0966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-0966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135346601","display_name":"Zihan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166576","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1p5x56","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166576"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of radiation oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University school of medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of radiation oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University school of medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135330098","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135396137","display_name":"Weigang Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weigang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: jackhuwg@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: jackhuwg@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135413868","display_name":"Jiazhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093194","display_name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00my25942","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: wjiazhou@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: wjiazhou@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135396137","https://openalex.org/A5135413868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093194"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66402055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":null,"first_page":"104123","last_page":"104123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8454999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8454999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-learning","display_name":"Statistical learning","score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.2685000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011880","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42134284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42134284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963932209","https://openalex.org/W1978752707","https://openalex.org/W2061036312","https://openalex.org/W2069905590","https://openalex.org/W2074230021","https://openalex.org/W2161857535","https://openalex.org/W2898515460","https://openalex.org/W2898757811","https://openalex.org/W2900148384","https://openalex.org/W2902472343","https://openalex.org/W2921903201","https://openalex.org/W2945162369","https://openalex.org/W2998280826","https://openalex.org/W3010307856","https://openalex.org/W3026792403","https://openalex.org/W3040441798","https://openalex.org/W3091965589","https://openalex.org/W3108244608","https://openalex.org/W3171527745","https://openalex.org/W4200048078","https://openalex.org/W4220664278","https://openalex.org/W4368361722","https://openalex.org/W4393405390","https://openalex.org/W4402742184"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}
