{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134965712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","title":"Establishing a relationship between iron-based blood measures and structural brain changes using neural networks in UK Biobank","display_name":"Establishing a relationship between iron-based blood measures and structural brain changes using neural networks in UK Biobank","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134965712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111100141","display_name":"Joshua Sammet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Sammet","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115441353","display_name":"Kholod Alhasani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kholod Alhasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128796583","display_name":"Ejin Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ejin Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3486-4249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jedidiah Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9691-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jedidiah Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9691-9686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128784037","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Rd, Bristol, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-4459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Rd, Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003588757","display_name":"Raihaan Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-0013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raihaan Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009828935","display_name":"Sana Suri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-8302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Suri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121210051","display_name":"Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejo Nevado-Holgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014924628","display_name":"Laura Winchester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-7694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Winchester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: laura.winchester@psych.ox.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-7694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: laura.winchester@psych.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014924628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52585246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":null,"first_page":"104034","last_page":"104034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11763","display_name":"Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7358999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biobank","display_name":"Biobank","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter","display_name":"White matter","score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamus","display_name":"Thalamus","score":0.6482999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41769999265670776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7358999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184215","display_name":"Thalamus","level":2,"score":0.6482999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778013878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646150","display_name":"Grey matter","level":4,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744385","display_name":"Temporal lobe","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994538360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Association test","level":5,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777193593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15130814","display_name":"Cingulum (brain)","level":5,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41849940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/2726ddf6-558d-4b82-b382-fc23f783d532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/2726ddf6-558d-4b82-b382-fc23f783d532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sammet, J, Alhasani, K, Chung, E, Cheung, J, Liu, Q, Patel, R, Suri, S, Nevado-Holgado, A & Winchester, L 2026, 'Establishing a relationship between iron-based blood measures and structural brain changes using neural networks in UK Biobank', Medical Image Analysis, vol. 111, 104034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.3929/ethz-c-000798026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/798026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/2726ddf6-558d-4b82-b382-fc23f783d532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/2726ddf6-558d-4b82-b382-fc23f783d532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sammet, J, Alhasani, K, Chung, E, Cheung, J, Liu, Q, Patel, R, Suri, S, Nevado-Holgado, A & Winchester, L 2026, 'Establishing a relationship between iron-based blood measures and structural brain changes using neural networks in UK Biobank', Medical Image Analysis, vol. 111, 104034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7263796329498291}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321081","display_name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymzm013"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1754290991","https://openalex.org/W2008602421","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2101135654","https://openalex.org/W2101855054","https://openalex.org/W2112867510","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2607804943","https://openalex.org/W2766330061","https://openalex.org/W2809741677","https://openalex.org/W2955940007","https://openalex.org/W2965916589","https://openalex.org/W2977883299","https://openalex.org/W3074741277","https://openalex.org/W3092783643","https://openalex.org/W3134259195","https://openalex.org/W3158439863","https://openalex.org/W3203040313","https://openalex.org/W4283753576","https://openalex.org/W4288037590","https://openalex.org/W4361223396","https://openalex.org/W4387580644","https://openalex.org/W4390699758","https://openalex.org/W4392028257","https://openalex.org/W4393950711","https://openalex.org/W4398200639","https://openalex.org/W4400257886"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Disturbance":[1],"of":[2,20,43,64,150,158,227,236],"iron":[3,207,228,237],"homeostasis":[4,238],"in":[5,25,33,92,164,169],"both":[6],"the":[7,21,29,34,71,85,104,115,143,153,159,165,170,174,179,206,219,240],"brain":[8,112,215],"and":[9,16,28,132,173,184,239],"blood":[10,26],"is":[11],"linked":[12],"to":[13,77,109,117,141,189,213],"cognitive":[14],"impairment":[15],"neurodegenerative":[17,244],"diseases.":[18],"Investigation":[19],"associations":[22,242],"between":[23,47,178,205],"changes":[24,32],"measurements":[27],"accompanying":[30],"structural":[31],"brain,":[35],"represented":[36],"by":[37,218],"susceptibility-weighted":[38],"imaging,":[39],"would":[40],"generate":[41],"evidence":[42],"a":[44,79,232],"shared":[45],"physiopathology":[46],"modalities,":[48],"however":[49],"linear":[50],"approaches":[51],"using":[52,106],"derived":[53],"imaging":[54,73],"measures":[55],"have":[56],"not":[57],"detected":[58],"this":[59,224],"relationship.":[60],"METHOD:":[61],"Brain":[62],"SWI":[63,201],"4436":[65],"participants":[66],"from":[67,103,200],"UK":[68],"Biobank":[69],"at":[70],"first":[72],"visit":[74],"were":[75,101,162,187],"used":[76,217],"build":[78],"convolutional":[80],"neural":[81],"network":[82],"(CNN)":[83],"predicting":[84],"haemoglobin":[86,125,191,198],"level.":[87],"Haemoglobin":[88],"concentration":[89],"was":[90,211],"grouped":[91],"three":[93,130],"sets":[94],"percentiles":[95],"creating":[96],"prediction":[97],"classes.":[98,137],"Attention":[99],"maps":[100,140],"extracted":[102],"CNN":[105,116,220],"Integrated":[107],"Gradients":[108],"identify":[110,214],"which":[111],"regions":[113,149,161,186],"allowed":[114],"correctly":[118],"classify":[119],"haemoglobin.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"The":[122],"model":[123,195,226],"predicted":[124,197],"level":[126],">99%":[127],"accuracy":[128,134],"for":[129,135,152,221],"classes":[131],">85%":[133],"ten":[136],"Using":[138,223],"attention":[139],"understand":[142],"model's":[144],"decision":[145],"process,":[146],"we":[147],"identified":[148],"interest":[151],"3-class":[154],"model.":[155],"Four":[156],"out":[157],"nine":[160],"located":[163],"cerebral":[166],"cortex.":[167],"Changes":[168],"right":[171],"thalamus":[172,185],"white":[175],"matter":[176],"tracts":[177],"temporal":[180],"gyrus,":[181],"putamen,":[182],"hippocampus,":[183],"associated":[188],"high":[190],"class.":[192],"CONCLUSION:":[193],"Our":[194],"accurately":[196],"levels":[199],"suggesting":[202],"an":[203],"association":[204],"measures.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"it":[210],"possible":[212],"areas":[216],"decision-making.":[222],"integrated":[225],"modalities":[229],"will":[230],"give":[231],"more":[233],"comprehensive":[234],"view":[235],"potential":[241],"with":[243],"diseases":[245],"such":[246],"as":[247],"dementia.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}