{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409161079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","title":"Improved unsupervised 3D lung lesion detection and localization by fusing global and local features: Validation in 3D low-dose computed tomography","display_name":"Improved unsupervised 3D lung lesion detection and localization by fusing global and local features: Validation in 3D low-dose computed tomography","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409161079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007845743","display_name":"Ju Hwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-4756"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ju Hwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015569154","display_name":"Seong Je Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-8745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Je Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000349069","display_name":"Kyungsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-6545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transdisciplinary Innovations, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, and Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center, SNUH Institute of Convergence Medicine with Innovative Technology, SNUH Institute of Healthcare AI Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyskim@snu.ac.kr"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transdisciplinary Innovations, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, and Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center, SNUH Institute of Convergence Medicine with Innovative Technology, SNUH Institute of Healthcare AI Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyskim@snu.ac.kr","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012053969","display_name":"Chae Yeon Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-1153"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chae Yeon Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112583183","display_name":"Seung Hong Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transdisciplinary Innovations, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, and Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Science and Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transdisciplinary Innovations, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, and Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Science and Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022590014","display_name":"Myung Jin Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-3343"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung Jin Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mjchung@skku.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mjchung@skku.edu","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007845743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"fwci":8.3125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97475162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":null,"first_page":"103559","last_page":"103559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.678385853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.6776536107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5411429405212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5228115320205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5077763199806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.27861106395721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24211043119430542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.678385853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.6776536107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5411429405212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5228115320205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5077763199806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.27861106395721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24211043119430542}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40198972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2025.103559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482630046","https://openalex.org/W1491691068","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1965469659","https://openalex.org/W1970057685","https://openalex.org/W1984915587","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W1989781521","https://openalex.org/W2006676204","https://openalex.org/W2054010632","https://openalex.org/W2071804307","https://openalex.org/W2100608515","https://openalex.org/W2131554244","https://openalex.org/W2134427830","https://openalex.org/W2143045812","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2523246573","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2804656365","https://openalex.org/W2962934715","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964201867","https://openalex.org/W2982642910","https://openalex.org/W3005185514","https://openalex.org/W3011414569","https://openalex.org/W3016967415","https://openalex.org/W3017403618","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3054666633","https://openalex.org/W3103199493","https://openalex.org/W3106791009","https://openalex.org/W3127694486","https://openalex.org/W3157328277","https://openalex.org/W3162252170","https://openalex.org/W3163655960","https://openalex.org/W3169651898","https://openalex.org/W3181971757","https://openalex.org/W3189316345","https://openalex.org/W3196563098","https://openalex.org/W4200161740","https://openalex.org/W4200427409","https://openalex.org/W4200589188","https://openalex.org/W4205448747","https://openalex.org/W4221116525","https://openalex.org/W4225426831","https://openalex.org/W4229034731","https://openalex.org/W4249502209","https://openalex.org/W4283811313","https://openalex.org/W4292905395","https://openalex.org/W4308060844","https://openalex.org/W4309838309","https://openalex.org/W4309926458","https://openalex.org/W4323022343","https://openalex.org/W4386002806","https://openalex.org/W4386590740","https://openalex.org/W6628702326","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6739924614","https://openalex.org/W6742973776","https://openalex.org/W6747491124","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6780802069","https://openalex.org/W6795238735","https://openalex.org/W6800088584","https://openalex.org/W6800807018","https://openalex.org/W6804973953","https://openalex.org/W6850531800","https://openalex.org/W6853807113","https://openalex.org/W6854646305","https://openalex.org/W6856023697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"anomaly":[1],"detection":[2],"(UAD)":[3],"is":[4,73,189],"crucial":[5],"in":[6,38,80,108,172],"low-dose":[7],"computed":[8],"tomography":[9],"(LDCT).":[10],"Recent":[11],"AI":[12,68,97],"technologies,":[13],"leveraging":[14],"global":[15,53,112,146],"features,":[16,35,102],"have":[17,90,126],"enabled":[18],"effective":[19],"UAD":[20,67,96],"with":[21,62,70,83,121],"minimal":[22],"training":[23],"data":[24],"of":[25,32,52,131],"normal":[26],"patients.":[27],"However,":[28],"this":[29,119],"approach,":[30],"devoid":[31],"utilizing":[33],"local":[34,101,139],"exhibits":[36],"vulnerability":[37],"detecting":[39],"deep":[40],"lesions":[41],"within":[42],"the":[43,49,129,138,145,161],"lungs.":[44],"In":[45],"other":[46],"words,":[47],"while":[48],"conventional":[50,122],"use":[51],"features":[54],"can":[55],"achieve":[56],"high":[57,71,86,135,142,178],"specificity,":[58],"it":[59],"often":[60],"comes":[61],"limited":[63],"sensitivity.":[64],"Developing":[65],"a":[66,93,104,150],"model":[69,98,133,140,147,154],"sensitivity":[72,109,136,179],"essential":[74],"to":[75,111],"prevent":[76],"false":[77],"negatives,":[78],"especially":[79],"screening":[81],"patients":[82],"diseases":[84],"demonstrating":[85],"mortality":[87],"rates.":[88],"We":[89],"successfully":[91,127],"pioneered":[92],"new":[94],"LDCT":[95,174],"that":[99],"leverages":[100],"achieving":[103,168],"previously":[105],"unattainable":[106],"increase":[107],"compared":[110],"methods":[113],"(17.5%":[114],"improvement).":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"by":[117],"integrating":[118],"approach":[120],"global-based":[123],"techniques,":[124],"we":[125,166],"consolidated":[128],"advantages":[130],"each":[132],"-":[134,148],"from":[137,144],"and":[141,156,180],"specificity":[143,181],"into":[149],"single,":[151],"unified,":[152],"trained":[153],"(17.6%":[155],"33.5%":[157],"improvement,":[158],"respectively).":[159],"Without":[160],"need":[162],"for":[163],"additional":[164],"training,":[165],"anticipate":[167],"significant":[169],"diagnostic":[170],"efficacy":[171],"various":[173],"applications,":[175],"where":[176],"both":[177],"are":[182],"essential,":[183],"using":[184],"our":[185],"fixed":[186],"model.":[187],"Code":[188],"available":[190],"at":[191],"https://github.com/kskim-phd/Fusion-UADL.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}