{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883105610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","title":"An algorithm for learning shape and appearance models without annotations","display_name":"An algorithm for learning shape and appearance models without annotations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883105610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","mag":"2883105610","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31096134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029410349","display_name":"John Ashburner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Ashburner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK. Electronic address: j.ashburner@ucl.ac.uk","Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK. Electronic address: j.ashburner@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045319786","display_name":"Mikael Brudfors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-2336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Brudfors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048826760","display_name":"Kevin Bronik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Bronik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-8192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089640308","display_name":"Ya\u00ebl Balbastre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya\u00ebl Balbastre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029410349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":{"value":3247,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3501},"fwci":1.0211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80219434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7713953256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7451888918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7257959246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5899291038513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5855698585510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.583381175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5802170634269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.49768903851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4194452166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4174345135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.35346394777297974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7713953256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7451888918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7257959246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5899291038513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5855698585510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.583381175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5802170634269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49768903851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4194452166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4174345135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.35346394777297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31096134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31096134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1807.10731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10731","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.10731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10074610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10074610/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Medical Image Analysis , 55    pp. 197-215.   (2019)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6554617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6554617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Med Image Anal","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.04.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5580553507","display_name":"Understanding the mechanisms of atrophy associated with spinal cord injury: the application of MRI-based in vivo histology and ex vivo histology","funder_award_id":"MR/R000050/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5919970555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/R000050/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966661","https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W813277965","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1554791705","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1743786291","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1794957547","https://openalex.org/W1835013956","https://openalex.org/W1836835411","https://openalex.org/W1964772481","https://openalex.org/W1967251218","https://openalex.org/W1982547105","https://openalex.org/W1987565821","https://openalex.org/W1993977496","https://openalex.org/W2004230500","https://openalex.org/W2019836674","https://openalex.org/W2020608997","https://openalex.org/W2021740542","https://openalex.org/W2024524081","https://openalex.org/W2032618685","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2041398617","https://openalex.org/W2049114803","https://openalex.org/W2055595943","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2057739090","https://openalex.org/W2063237661","https://openalex.org/W2063252599","https://openalex.org/W2072072671","https://openalex.org/W2073039128","https://openalex.org/W2074745044","https://openalex.org/W2076114154","https://openalex.org/W2078604986","https://openalex.org/W2082541576","https://openalex.org/W2082598062","https://openalex.org/W2089940272","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2100968369","https://openalex.org/W2103765986","https://openalex.org/W2105866209","https://openalex.org/W2106033751","https://openalex.org/W2108623767","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115381128","https://openalex.org/W2117340355","https://openalex.org/W2121721759","https://openalex.org/W2124260444","https://openalex.org/W2125027820","https://openalex.org/W2125290066","https://openalex.org/W2128907102","https://openalex.org/W2132661331","https://openalex.org/W2135561481","https://openalex.org/W2136145485","https://openalex.org/W2144903813","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2148862398","https://openalex.org/W2152826766","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2154702468","https://openalex.org/W2155298532","https://openalex.org/W2159352859","https://openalex.org/W2168838144","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2169005503","https://openalex.org/W2170167891","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2198860403","https://openalex.org/W2236600553","https://openalex.org/W2293342147","https://openalex.org/W2401892403","https://openalex.org/W2475573605","https://openalex.org/W2501546088","https://openalex.org/W2527398878","https://openalex.org/W2561837554","https://openalex.org/W2592826703","https://openalex.org/W2617780315","https://openalex.org/W2621150162","https://openalex.org/W2733533037","https://openalex.org/W2734823619","https://openalex.org/W2766851997","https://openalex.org/W2793272055","https://openalex.org/W2800044299","https://openalex.org/W2807222878","https://openalex.org/W2911787226","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951773657","https://openalex.org/W2963606038","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W3140968660","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4230920194","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6600115225","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6633138435","https://openalex.org/W6637856762","https://openalex.org/W6638571685","https://openalex.org/W6641189029","https://openalex.org/W6665190803","https://openalex.org/W6668845221","https://openalex.org/W6681342084","https://openalex.org/W6681437887","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6689458786","https://openalex.org/W6696901690","https://openalex.org/W6763953288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4388700941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,173],"framework":[4],"for":[5,12,68,122,161],"automatically":[6],"learning":[7,124],"shape":[8,95],"and":[9,40,96,188],"appearance":[10,41,97],"models":[11,98],"medical":[13],"(and":[14],"certain":[15],"other)":[16],"images.":[17],"The":[18,73,132,155],"algorithm":[19],"was":[20,167],"developed":[21],"with":[22],"the":[23,79,112,158,186],"aim":[24],"of":[25,31,82,115,157,175],"eventually":[26],"enabling":[27],"distributed":[28],"privacy-preserving":[29,69],"analysis":[30],"brain":[32],"image":[33],"data,":[34],"such":[35],"that":[36,52,87,92],"shared":[37],"information":[38],"(shape":[39],"basis":[42],"functions)":[43],"may":[44],"be":[45,144],"passed":[46],"across":[47],"sites,":[48],"whereas":[49],"latent":[50,62],"variables":[51,63],"encode":[53],"individual":[54],"images":[55,91,184],"remain":[56],"secure":[57],"within":[58],"each":[59],"site.":[60],"These":[61],"are":[64],"proposed":[65],"as":[66],"features":[67,160],"data":[70,103,129],"mining":[71],"applications.":[72],"approach":[74],"is":[75,109,130,134],"demonstrated":[76],"qualitatively":[77],"on":[78],"KDEF":[80],"dataset":[81,114,174],"2D":[83],"face":[84],"images,":[85,181],"showing":[86],"it":[88,142,150,171],"can":[89,151],"align":[90],"traditionally":[93],"require":[94],"trained":[99],"using":[100],"manually":[101],"annotated":[102],"(manually":[104],"defined":[105],"landmarks":[106],"etc.).":[107],"It":[108],"applied":[110],"to":[111,118,136,143,147,172],"MNIST":[113],"handwritten":[116],"digits":[117],"show":[119],"its":[120],"potential":[121],"machine":[123],"applications,":[125],"particularly":[126],"when":[127],"training":[128],"limited.":[131],"model":[133],"able":[135],"handle":[137],"\"missing":[138],"data\",":[139],"which":[140,182],"allows":[141],"cross-validated":[145],"according":[146],"how":[148],"well":[149],"predict":[152],"left-out":[153],"voxels.":[154],"suitability":[156],"derived":[159],"classifying":[162],"individuals":[163],"into":[164],"patient":[165],"groups":[166],"assessed":[168],"by":[169],"applying":[170],"over":[176],"1900":[177],"segmented":[178],"T1-weighted":[179],"MR":[180],"included":[183],"from":[185],"COBRE":[187],"ABIDE":[189],"datasets.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}