{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917393555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","title":"Deep-learning based multiclass retinal fluid segmentation and detection in optical coherence tomography images using a fully convolutional neural network","display_name":"Deep-learning based multiclass retinal fluid segmentation and detection in optical coherence tomography images using a fully convolutional neural network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917393555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","mag":"2917393555","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30856455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014222179","display_name":"Donghuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-7410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062402904","display_name":"Morgan Heisler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-5939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan Heisler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031083361","display_name":"Sieun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sieun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028393434","display_name":"Gavin Weiguang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-6811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Weiguang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-6811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003405703","display_name":"Eduardo V. Navajas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-1913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Navajas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044200406","display_name":"Marinko V. \u0160arunic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-9056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marinko V. Sarunic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000972836","display_name":"Mirza Faisal Beg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Faisal Beg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada. Electronic address: mfbeg@sfu.ca","Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-8630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada. Electronic address: mfbeg@sfu.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000972836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99338355,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.8483878374099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7905578017234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286775708198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7047585248947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6454975605010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5841370224952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5400207042694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5110040903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cut","display_name":"Cut","score":0.4490509629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.4473504424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4388115108013153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.40751805901527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.15043777227401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14297059178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10723868012428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08190828561782837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.8483878374099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7905578017234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286775708198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7047585248947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6454975605010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5841370224952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5400207042694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5110040903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5134670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626444","display_name":"Cut","level":4,"score":0.4490509629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.4473504424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4388115108013153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.40751805901527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.15043777227401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14297059178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10723868012428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08190828561782837}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.02.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116571295","display_name":"Medical Image Analysis","issn_l":"1361-8415","issn":["1361-8415","1361-8423","1361-8431"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Image Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30856455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30856455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical image analysis","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311238","display_name":"Fondation Brain Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01bcmwk98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319926","display_name":"Alzheimer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03benss35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319965","display_name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","ror":"https://ror.org/020x39229"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319973","display_name":"Genome British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gne5057"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322551","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331479","display_name":"Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607385754","https://openalex.org/W1422227952","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1989450420","https://openalex.org/W1990889412","https://openalex.org/W1993483010","https://openalex.org/W1993893886","https://openalex.org/W1994642251","https://openalex.org/W2074598933","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2115794463","https://openalex.org/W2134542952","https://openalex.org/W2135095945","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2164774194","https://openalex.org/W2207436485","https://openalex.org/W2300511734","https://openalex.org/W2319638030","https://openalex.org/W2326484406","https://openalex.org/W2433259561","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2469369919","https://openalex.org/W2473830868","https://openalex.org/W2506450437","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2587590794","https://openalex.org/W2587791302","https://openalex.org/W2589074029","https://openalex.org/W2592517646","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2606534623","https://openalex.org/W2608854843","https://openalex.org/W2613268084","https://openalex.org/W2672984453","https://openalex.org/W2750911434","https://openalex.org/W2753922518","https://openalex.org/W2765684802","https://openalex.org/W2766593955","https://openalex.org/W2769422756","https://openalex.org/W2772059204","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2792836735","https://openalex.org/W2798251715","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2951839332","https://openalex.org/W2952436003","https://openalex.org/W4210981585","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W6628286612","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640054144","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6717914749","https://openalex.org/W6737401570","https://openalex.org/W6739880150","https://openalex.org/W6746741381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1014602304","https://openalex.org/W1033756233","https://openalex.org/W2119498694","https://openalex.org/W1977334515","https://openalex.org/W2037746501","https://openalex.org/W2093210804","https://openalex.org/W1993625448","https://openalex.org/W2021544484","https://openalex.org/W2032319136","https://openalex.org/W2109407305"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}