{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163897922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324","title":"LGMT: Logic-Grounded Metamorphic Testing for evaluating the reasoning reliability of LLMs","display_name":"LGMT: Logic-Grounded Metamorphic Testing for evaluating the reasoning reliability of LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163897922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.23965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024100506","display_name":"Zenghui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-6979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zenghui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404497","display_name":"Man Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136178151","display_name":"Xiaoke Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5674-3094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoke Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5674-3094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032883942","display_name":"Xinyi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9384-5557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112987714","display_name":"Weibin Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138153971","display_name":"Zheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138153971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":3130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3130},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72388123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"348","issue":null,"first_page":"116324","last_page":"116324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5133000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5133000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.15600000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775940519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17067742","display_name":"Logic model","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2605.23965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23965","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.23965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2605.23965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23965","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.23965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041650849","https://openalex.org/W2324595780","https://openalex.org/W2782311202","https://openalex.org/W4403223051","https://openalex.org/W4404534210","https://openalex.org/W4407097799","https://openalex.org/W4411449748","https://openalex.org/W4411450064","https://openalex.org/W4413394768","https://openalex.org/W7133191918","https://openalex.org/W7133224126"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T06:20:11.936012","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}
