{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134199681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","title":"Who \u201ccontrols\u201d where work shall be done? State-of-practice in post-pandemic remote work regulation","display_name":"Who \u201ccontrols\u201d where work shall be done? State-of-practice in post-pandemic remote work regulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134199681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37879656","display_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","issn_l":"0164-1212","issn":["0164-1212","1873-1228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128329758","display_name":"Darja Smite","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darja Smite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","SINTEF Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-3118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nils Brede Moe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Brede Moe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","SINTEF Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128365157","display_name":"Maria Teresa Baldassarre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Teresa Baldassarre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017685793","display_name":"Fabio Calefato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-1588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Calefato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guilherme Horta Travassos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Horta Travassos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032813188","display_name":"Marcin Floryan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164339","display_name":"Oldham Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05cxzzq07","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164339"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Floryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062526200","display_name":"Marcos Kalinowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1445-3425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Kalinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128375665","display_name":"Daniel Mendez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mendez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","fortiss Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"fortiss Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052465865","display_name":"Graziela Basilio Pereira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graziela Basilio Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038905934","display_name":"Margaret\u2010Anne Storey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-2536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret-Anne Storey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024645888","display_name":"Rafael Prikladnicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-4916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45643870","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/025vmq686","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Prikladnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45643870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3560,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3560},"apc_paid":{"value":3560,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3560},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22607176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"239","issue":null,"first_page":"112848","last_page":"112848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.6922000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.6922000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12256","display_name":"Facilities and Workplace Management","score":0.15479999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.8881999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-systems","display_name":"Work systems","score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporary-work","display_name":"Temporary work","score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"Organizational culture","score":0.2858000099658966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8881999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135302770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629132","display_name":"Work systems","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777358941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667944","display_name":"Temporary work","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993872870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Work hours","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37879656","display_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","issn_l":"0164-1212","issn":["0164-1212","1873-1228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/571780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11586/571780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.112848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37879656","display_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","issn_l":"0164-1212","issn":["0164-1212","1873-1228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2923975035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"346563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3141736456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"357147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177140024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-26/204.310/ 2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7896896934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022/0047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G791379633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018/010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling","ror":"https://ror.org/02cbq7e25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003829874","https://openalex.org/W2038408871","https://openalex.org/W2067587126","https://openalex.org/W2069488419","https://openalex.org/W2119510391","https://openalex.org/W2120280606","https://openalex.org/W2120314896","https://openalex.org/W2165682523","https://openalex.org/W3104849124","https://openalex.org/W3120397944","https://openalex.org/W3184051927","https://openalex.org/W3194393989","https://openalex.org/W4293110007","https://openalex.org/W4307724727","https://openalex.org/W4312548377","https://openalex.org/W4312866452","https://openalex.org/W4319597671","https://openalex.org/W4323362428","https://openalex.org/W4387021085","https://openalex.org/W4387835484","https://openalex.org/W4390274124","https://openalex.org/W4390810718","https://openalex.org/W4399888359","https://openalex.org/W4408462817","https://openalex.org/W4414904560"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"COVID-19":[2],"pandemic":[3],"has":[4],"permanently":[5],"altered":[6],"workplace":[7],"structures,":[8],"making":[9],"remote":[10,27,79,218],"work":[11,28,57,80,98,109,118,131,248],"a":[12,178],"widespread":[13],"practice.":[14],"While":[15],"many":[16,21,105],"employees":[17],"advocate":[18],"for":[19,31,197,214],"flexibility,":[20],"employers":[22],"reconsider":[23],"their":[24,247],"attitude":[25],"toward":[26,217],"and":[29,73,85,96,120,245],"opt":[30],"structured":[32],"return-to-office":[33],"mandates.":[34,176],"Media":[35],"headlines":[36],"repeatedly":[37],"emphasize":[38],"that":[39,91,103],"the":[40,65,146,152,162,186,223,231],"corporate":[41,60,83],"world":[42],"returns":[43],"to":[44,126,201,208,243],"full-time":[45,127],"office":[46,128,168,188,210],"work.":[47,129],"This":[48],"study":[49],"examines":[50],"how":[51],"companies":[52,90,106,112,123,163,199,215,241],"in":[53,64,93,113],"software-intensive":[54],"industry":[55],"regulate":[56],"location,":[58,95],"whether":[59],"policies":[61,142,235],"have":[62,181],"evolved":[63],"last":[66],"five":[67],"years,":[68],"and,":[69],"if":[70],"so,":[71],"how,":[72],"why.":[74],"We":[75],"collected":[76],"data":[77],"on":[78],"regulation":[81,132,249],"from":[82,88],"HR":[84],"management":[86],"representatives":[87],"68":[89],"vary":[92],"size,":[94],"preferred":[97],"modality.":[99],"Our":[100,194],"findings":[101],"reveal":[102,135],"although":[104],"prioritize":[107],"office-oriented":[108,198],"(50%),":[110],"most":[111,148],"our":[114],"sample":[115],"permit":[116],"hybrid":[117],"(84%)":[119],"only":[121],"four":[122],"are":[124],"returning":[125],"Remote":[130],"does":[133],"not":[134,238],"any":[136],"particular":[137],"new":[138],"\u201cbest":[139],"practice\u201d":[140],"as":[141,205,240],"differ":[143],"greatly;":[144],"however,":[145],"single":[147],"popular":[149],"arrangement":[150],"was":[151],"three":[153],"in-office":[154],"days":[155],"per":[156],"week.":[157],"More":[158],"than":[159],"half":[160],"of":[161,225,234],"(53%)":[164],"encourage":[165],"or":[166,190],"mandate":[167],"attendance":[169],"centrally,":[170],"with":[171],"additional":[172],"18%":[173],"having":[174],"decentralized":[175],"Over":[177],"quarter":[179],"(28%)":[180],"changed":[182],"regulations":[183],"gradually":[184],"increasing":[185],"mandatory":[187],"presence":[189,211],"implementing":[191],"differentiated":[192],"conditions.":[193],"key":[195],"recommendation":[196],"is":[200,236],"consider":[202],"trust-based":[203],"recommendations":[204],"an":[206],"alternative":[207],"centralized":[209],"mandates,":[212],"while":[213],"oriented":[216],"working,":[219],"we":[220],"warn":[221],"about":[222],"points":[224],"no":[226],"(or":[227],"hard)":[228],"return.":[229],"Finally,":[230],"current":[232],"state":[233],"clearly":[237],"final,":[239],"continue":[242],"experiment":[244],"adjust":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}