{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116813752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","title":"Smart parking optimization with software defined networking and blockchain: SPOSChain","display_name":"Smart parking optimization with software defined networking and blockchain: SPOSChain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116813752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30128005","display_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","issn_l":"1084-8045","issn":["1084-8045","1095-8592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106930396","display_name":"Huseyin Ozgur Kamali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huseyin Ozgur Kamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9864-9513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053569753","display_name":"Ali G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Berkay Gorgulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3304-3317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032838452","display_name":"Murat Karaku\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Karakus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-7345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066907575","display_name":"Evrim G\u00fcler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254571519","display_name":"Bartin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03te4vd35","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254571519"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evrim Guler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Bartin University, Bartin, 74110, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-4748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bartin University, Bartin, 74110, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254571519"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030758169","display_name":"Suleyman Uludag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092198","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Flint","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3xc117","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suleyman Uludag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Michigan-Flint, MI, 48502, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Michigan-Flint, MI, 48502, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106930396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58197196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"247","issue":null,"first_page":"104414","last_page":"104414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bike-sharing","display_name":"Bike sharing","score":0.3547999858856201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8378999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358919","display_name":"Bike sharing","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30128005","display_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","issn_l":"1084-8045","issn":["1084-8045","1095-8592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30128005","display_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","issn_l":"1084-8045","issn":["1084-8045","1095-8592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.458179771900177}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022758041","https://openalex.org/W2089269509","https://openalex.org/W2126811106","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2150446509","https://openalex.org/W2277678953","https://openalex.org/W2606393334","https://openalex.org/W2947981018","https://openalex.org/W2951327228","https://openalex.org/W2957825265","https://openalex.org/W2982575771","https://openalex.org/W3011766849","https://openalex.org/W3014612047","https://openalex.org/W3055667313","https://openalex.org/W3159625734","https://openalex.org/W3160846816","https://openalex.org/W3201431515","https://openalex.org/W3204126131","https://openalex.org/W3208401007","https://openalex.org/W4220897344","https://openalex.org/W4224253088","https://openalex.org/W4283643625","https://openalex.org/W4293543144","https://openalex.org/W4308045575","https://openalex.org/W4313041497","https://openalex.org/W4320525711","https://openalex.org/W4361290924","https://openalex.org/W4389948540","https://openalex.org/W4392450343","https://openalex.org/W4393086486","https://openalex.org/W4404012406","https://openalex.org/W4405188004","https://openalex.org/W4405705171","https://openalex.org/W4407898820","https://openalex.org/W4408421373"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72],"growing":[1],"pressures":[2],"of":[3,102,156,197],"urbanization,":[4],"vehicular":[5],"proliferation,":[6],"and":[7,14,30,35,62,69,112,116,123,142,162,170,188],"fragmented":[8],"parking":[9,40,45,74,172,200],"infrastructure":[10],"pose":[11],"significant":[12],"sustainability":[13],"mobility":[15,179],"challenges":[16],"in":[17,127,202],"modern":[18],"cities.":[19],"In":[20],"response,":[21],"we":[22,109],"present":[23],"SPOSChain":[24,53,165],"(Smart":[25],"Parking":[26],"Optimization":[27],"with":[28],"SDN":[29],"Blockchain),":[31],"a":[32,48,55,80,89,128],"novel":[33],"Blockchain-enhanced":[34],"Software-Defined":[36],"Networking":[37],"(SDN)-based":[38],"smart":[39,204],"system":[41],"that":[42,145],"unifies":[43],"independent":[44],"providers":[46],"under":[47,135],"decentralized,":[49],"intelligent":[50],"coordination":[51],"framework.":[52],"introduces":[54],"four-layer":[56],"architecture":[57],"integrating":[58],"IoT,":[59],"data,":[60],"control,":[61],"blockchain":[63],"layers,":[64],"to":[65,88,95],"ensure":[66],"transparency,":[67],"scalability,":[68],"real-time":[70],"responsiveness.":[71],"core":[73],"assignment":[75],"task":[76],"is":[77,85],"formulated":[78],"as":[79],"fairness-driven":[81],"optimization":[82],"problem,":[83,93],"which":[84],"mathematically":[86],"equivalent":[87],"parallel":[90],"job":[91],"scheduling":[92],"known":[94],"be":[96],"NP-hard,":[97],"thereby":[98],"necessitating":[99],"the":[100,154,194],"development":[101],"efficient":[103,171],"heuristic":[104,115],"strategies.":[105],"To":[106],"this":[107],"end,":[108],"propose,":[110],"adopt,":[111],"evaluate":[113],"multiple":[114],"hybrid":[117],"algorithms,":[118],"including":[119],"Local":[120],"Search,":[121,125],"Branch-and-Bound,":[122],"Genetic":[124],"culminating":[126],"time-aware":[129],"Hybrid":[130],"Search":[131],"model.":[132],"Simulation":[133],"results":[134,192],"diverse":[136],"vehicle":[137],"arrival":[138],"distributions":[139],"(uniform,":[140],"normal,":[141],"exponential)":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"our":[146],"approach":[147],"significantly":[148],"reduces":[149],"load":[150],"imbalance,":[151],"quantified":[152],"via":[153],"Total":[155],"Differences":[157],"metric,":[158],"while":[159],"improving":[160],"responsiveness":[161],"maintaining":[163],"scalability.":[164],"not":[166],"only":[167],"enables":[168],"equitable":[169],"allocation":[173],"but":[174],"also":[175],"supports":[176],"sustainable":[177],"urban":[178],"by":[180],"reducing":[181],"driver":[182],"search":[183],"time,":[184],"CO":[185],"2":[186],"emissions,":[187],"network":[189],"overhead.":[190],"These":[191],"underscore":[193],"transformative":[195],"potential":[196],"programmable,":[198],"decentralized":[199],"systems":[201],"future":[203],"city":[205],"infrastructures.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
