{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131289555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","title":"Explainable multimodal deep learning models for variable-length sequences in critically ill patients","display_name":"Explainable multimodal deep learning models for variable-length sequences in critically ill patients","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131289555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41747919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126705936","display_name":"Jennifer Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: jlmartin22@wisc.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: jlmartin22@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126685878","display_name":"Majid Afshar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Afshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070602602","display_name":"Askar Safipour Afshar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Askar Safipour Afshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126735960","display_name":"John Caskey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Caskey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054031099","display_name":"Dmitriy Dligach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitriy Dligach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126708841","display_name":"Yanjun Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072600500","display_name":"Jifan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6819-166X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126663312","display_name":"Guanhua Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022565043","display_name":"Anoop Mayampurath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Mayampurath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088547412","display_name":"Matthew M. Churpek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-5250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew M. Churpek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126705936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52774253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"177","issue":null,"first_page":"105001","last_page":"105001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.385699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.385699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10130000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.07509999722242355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8460999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill","display_name":"Critically ill","score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-therapy","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","score":0.4226999878883362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8460999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991859549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critically ill","level":2,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4441509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6418787","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993568657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critical illness","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41747919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41747919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41674596071243286,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073241381","https://openalex.org/W2084396669","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2597505554","https://openalex.org/W2806031239","https://openalex.org/W2889037799","https://openalex.org/W3016032135","https://openalex.org/W3023500839","https://openalex.org/W3095791468","https://openalex.org/W3183848791","https://openalex.org/W3184870479","https://openalex.org/W3185122822","https://openalex.org/W4206042814","https://openalex.org/W4206491499","https://openalex.org/W4214520407","https://openalex.org/W4246413330","https://openalex.org/W4288083420","https://openalex.org/W4296776307","https://openalex.org/W4297540231","https://openalex.org/W4308885870","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4322743452","https://openalex.org/W4382133580","https://openalex.org/W4386947298","https://openalex.org/W4389161717","https://openalex.org/W4390129545","https://openalex.org/W4391057532","https://openalex.org/W4396223901","https://openalex.org/W4396521009","https://openalex.org/W4409448457","https://openalex.org/W4410019426"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
