{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125956471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","title":"Ontology-grounded knowledge graphs for mitigating hallucinations in large language models for clinical question answering","display_name":"Ontology-grounded knowledge graphs for mitigating hallucinations in large language models for clinical question answering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125956471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41610815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124123952","display_name":"Mohamed Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.abdelghafour@cis.asu.edu.eg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.abdelghafour@cis.asu.edu.eg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020692875","display_name":"Zaki Taha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4090-6026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaki Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: zaki.taha@cis.asu.edu.eg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: zaki.taha@cis.asu.edu.eg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121658897","display_name":"Mohamed Mabrouk Morsey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mabrouk Morsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.mabrouk@cis.asu.edu.eg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalyfa El-Mamoun Street, Abbasya, 11566, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.mabrouk@cis.asu.edu.eg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124123952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":111.641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99882898,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"175","issue":null,"first_page":"104993","last_page":"104993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.17440000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.1500999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6416000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-network","display_name":"Semantic network","score":0.3806999921798706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6416000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C234837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420493","display_name":"Conceptual graph","level":3,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30542707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1603203","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004534","descriptor_name":"Egypt","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006212","descriptor_name":"Hallucinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064229","descriptor_name":"Biological Ontologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2026.104993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41610815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41610815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.725382387638092,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3156378390","https://openalex.org/W3194278071","https://openalex.org/W3202281227","https://openalex.org/W4200607170","https://openalex.org/W4285810166","https://openalex.org/W4310835627","https://openalex.org/W4320902518"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}