{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415320742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","title":"Towards a Biological Evaluation Framework for Oversampling (BEFO) gene expression data","display_name":"Towards a Biological Evaluation Framework for Oversampling (BEFO) gene expression data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415320742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41110738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053664585","display_name":"Kenneth Fee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Fee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 16A Malone Rd, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: kfee04@qub.ac.uk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 16A Malone Rd, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: kfee04@qub.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377062","display_name":"Suneil Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-4791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suneil Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast Johnston Cancer Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK","Queen's University Belfast Patrick G. Johnstone Center for Cancer Research, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast Johnston Cancer Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast Patrick G. Johnstone Center for Cancer Research, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046193886","display_name":"Ross G. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross G. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Centre for Genomic Medicine, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Centre for Genomic Medicine, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120051242","display_name":"Anna Jurek-Loughery","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Jurek-Loughrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 16A Malone Rd, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 16A Malone Rd, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053664585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25272008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"171","issue":null,"first_page":"104932","last_page":"104932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.9398000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-data","display_name":"Biological data","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.37049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.9398000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7017999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162040801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q799897","display_name":"Bootstrap aggregating","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41110738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41110738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/aed9ddbc-7fc4-40d4-b3d2-f298a224270c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/aed9ddbc-7fc4-40d4-b3d2-f298a224270c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fee, K, Jain, S, Murphy, R G & Jurek-Loughrey, A 2025, 'Towards a Biological Evaluation Framework for Oversampling (BEFO) gene expression data', Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 171, 104932, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/8afd7245-54b0-4421-9033-209d6097d016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/8afd7245-54b0-4421-9033-209d6097d016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fee, K, Jain, S, Murphy, R G & Jurek-Loughrey, A 2025, 'Towards a Biological Evaluation Framework for Oversampling (BEFO) gene expression data', Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 171, 104932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2025.104932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4944262327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Queen's","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321832","funder_display_name":"Queen's University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320357","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321832","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500415856","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2020541351","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2153709215","https://openalex.org/W2268004891","https://openalex.org/W2504782928","https://openalex.org/W2559479590","https://openalex.org/W2761180418","https://openalex.org/W2793511696","https://openalex.org/W2804566321","https://openalex.org/W2908883246","https://openalex.org/W2943738705","https://openalex.org/W2955573982","https://openalex.org/W2966574105","https://openalex.org/W2966679659","https://openalex.org/W2991166097","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3015489621","https://openalex.org/W3021197281","https://openalex.org/W3087223457","https://openalex.org/W3091026101","https://openalex.org/W3120644841","https://openalex.org/W3126882871","https://openalex.org/W3132400453","https://openalex.org/W3154252594","https://openalex.org/W3158064698","https://openalex.org/W3190520168","https://openalex.org/W3199816041","https://openalex.org/W3206657138","https://openalex.org/W3212889198","https://openalex.org/W3213577772","https://openalex.org/W4210936077","https://openalex.org/W4213337194","https://openalex.org/W4226298065","https://openalex.org/W4246246172","https://openalex.org/W4282841602","https://openalex.org/W4283723257","https://openalex.org/W4285090325","https://openalex.org/W4290012325","https://openalex.org/W4313201790","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4377087904","https://openalex.org/W4380370818","https://openalex.org/W4382584774","https://openalex.org/W4388036409","https://openalex.org/W4390278123","https://openalex.org/W4399546165","https://openalex.org/W4399938093","https://openalex.org/W4401141155","https://openalex.org/W4402128718","https://openalex.org/W4403164480","https://openalex.org/W4404763648","https://openalex.org/W4406610597","https://openalex.org/W4406851452"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,50],"(ML)":[2],"techniques":[3],"are":[4,167,188],"progressively":[5],"being":[6],"used":[7,18,32],"in":[8,19,33,111,127,190,254],"biomedical":[9,34,255],"research":[10,35],"to":[11,43,52,55,98,169,177,217],"improve":[12,204],"diagnostic":[13],"and":[14,142,234],"prognostic":[15],"accuracy":[16],"when":[17,226],"conjunction":[20],"with":[21],"a":[22,25,133,191,247],"clinician":[23],"as":[24],"decision":[26],"support":[27],"system.":[28],"However,":[29],"many":[30],"datasets":[31,66,210],"often":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38],"severe":[39],"class":[40,57],"imbalance":[41],"due":[42],"small":[44],"population":[45],"sizes,":[46],"which":[47],"causes":[48],"machine":[49],"models":[51,126],"become":[53],"biased":[54],"majority":[56],"samples.":[58],"Current":[59],"oversampling":[60,201,232],"methods":[61,233],"primarily":[62],"focus":[63],"on":[64,140,148,160],"balancing":[65],"without":[67],"adequately":[68],"validating":[69],"the":[70,77,90,107,122,155,161,171,205],"biological":[71,108,206],"relevance":[72],"of":[73,80,124,173,208,214,224],"synthetic":[74,101,137,175,181,251],"data,":[75],"risking":[76],"clinical":[78,128],"applicability":[79],"downstream":[81],"model":[82],"predictions.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"these":[86],"shortcomings,":[87],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"Biological":[91],"Evaluation":[92],"Framework":[93],"for":[94,136,250],"Oversampling":[95],"(BEFO)":[96],"designed":[97],"ensure":[99],"that":[100,197],"gene":[102,157,242],"expression":[103],"samples":[104,138,182,187],"accurately":[105],"reflect":[106],"patterns":[109],"present":[110],"original":[112,162],"datasets.":[113,244],"This":[114,151],"innovation":[115],"not":[116],"only":[117],"mitigates":[118],"bias":[119],"but":[120],"enhances":[121],"trustworthiness":[123],"predictive":[125],"scenarios.":[129],"We":[130],"have":[131],"developed":[132],"ranking":[134,152],"method":[135,153],"based":[139,147],"this":[141],"evaluated":[143],"each":[144,174,178],"sample's":[145],"inclusion":[146],"its":[149],"rank.":[150],"calculates":[154],"WGCNA":[156],"co-expression":[158],"clusters":[159],"dataset.":[163],"Several":[164],"random":[165],"forests":[166],"constructed":[168],"assess":[170],"alignment":[172],"sample":[176],"cluster.":[179],"Only":[180],"more":[183],"important":[184],"than":[185],"real":[186,240],"included":[189],"study.":[192],"The":[193],"experimental":[194],"results":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"ML":[200,256],"framework":[202],"can":[203],"feasibility":[207],"oversampled":[209],"by":[211,221],"an":[212,222],"average":[213,223],"11%,":[215],"leading":[216],"improved":[218],"classification":[219,236],"performance":[220],"9%":[225],"compared":[227],"against":[228],"five":[229],"state-of-the-art":[230],"(SOTA)":[231],"ten":[235],"algorithms":[237],"across":[238],"six":[239],"world":[241],"expressions":[243],"Thereby":[245],"establishing":[246],"new":[248],"standard":[249],"data":[252],"evaluation":[253],"applications.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T15:07:20.185449","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}