{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048179169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","title":"Clinical concept extraction: A methodology review","display_name":"Clinical concept extraction: A methodology review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048179169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","mag":"3048179169","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32768446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.11377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032226587","display_name":"Sunyang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunyang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Fu.Sunyang@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-5179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Fu.Sunyang@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675672","display_name":"David Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-9180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Chen.David@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-9180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Chen.David@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013043483","display_name":"Huan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-4195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: He.Huan@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: He.Huan@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321835","display_name":"Sijia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Liu.Sijia@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-1164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Liu.Sijia@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004688014","display_name":"Sungrim Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-3897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungrim Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Moon.Sungrim@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Moon.Sungrim@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027508234","display_name":"Kevin J. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-4609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125099","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp40720","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Peterson.Kevin@mayo.edu","Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-4609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Peterson.Kevin@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087033178","display_name":"Feichen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125099","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp40720","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feichen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Shen.Feichen@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-2331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Shen.Feichen@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406711","display_name":"Liwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wang.Liwei@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wang.Liwei@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanshan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-0587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanshan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wang.Yanshan@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-0587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wang.Yanshan@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003128469","display_name":"Andrew Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-8028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wen.Andrew@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-8028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Wen.Andrew@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023303733","display_name":"Yiqing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-8136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Zhao.Yiqing@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Zhao.Yiqing@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063986559","display_name":"Sunghwan Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-2602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Sohn.Sunghwan@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. Electronic address: Sohn.Sunghwan@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710","https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101585391","display_name":"Hongfang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-3741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongfang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Liu.Hongfang@mayo.edu","Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: Liu.Hongfang@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101585391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98494538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":null,"first_page":"103526","last_page":"103526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.07580000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6954836845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.6695442199707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-extraction","display_name":"Data extraction","score":0.6449128985404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.6205800771713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-library","display_name":"Digital library","score":0.6021970510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5617384314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.544779896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4679765999317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3591911792755127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6954836845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.6695442199707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.6449128985404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.6205800771713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513874922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212805","display_name":"Digital library","level":3,"score":0.6021970510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5617384314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.544779896736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4679765999317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3591911792755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015706","descriptor_name":"Bibliometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015706","descriptor_name":"Bibliometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015706","descriptor_name":"Bibliometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11622463","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","issn_l":"1532-0464","issn":["1532-0464","1532-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32768446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32768446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomedical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.11377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11377","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.11377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7746475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7746475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Biomed Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.11377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11377","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.11377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5274075411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1U01TR002062-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7659960478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21AI142702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":264,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16586333","https://openalex.org/W23757268","https://openalex.org/W49934205","https://openalex.org/W86609720","https://openalex.org/W90362830","https://openalex.org/W130610549","https://openalex.org/W150601485","https://openalex.org/W153173462","https://openalex.org/W184493884","https://openalex.org/W298212978","https://openalex.org/W337026903","https://openalex.org/W767391527","https://openalex.org/W942379102","https://openalex.org/W992506503","https://openalex.org/W1138636859","https://openalex.org/W1148992798","https://openalex.org/W1178795244","https://openalex.org/W1460847897","https://openalex.org/W1487381889","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1499823815","https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W1504212872","https://openalex.org/W1516041857","https://openalex.org/W1524642381","https://openalex.org/W1528012351","https://openalex.org/W1530623595","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1602357614","https://openalex.org/W1656216251","https://openalex.org/W1672757658","https://openalex.org/W1723574056","https://openalex.org/W1737136247","https://openalex.org/W1747851108","https://openalex.org/W1835136410","https://openalex.org/W1838058638","https://openalex.org/W1982059951","https://openalex.org/W1996211074","https://openalex.org/W2002514548","https://openalex.org/W2005501262","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2023736097","https://openalex.org/W2028121090","https://openalex.org/W2039648273","https://openalex.org/W2043235003","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2071478164","https://openalex.org/W2087769491","https://openalex.org/W2094791001","https://openalex.org/W2096252540","https://openalex.org/W2099269739","https://openalex.org/W2101013878","https://openalex.org/W2104608657","https://openalex.org/W2105050951","https://openalex.org/W2105637130","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2106398919","https://openalex.org/W2106782755","https://openalex.org/W2107934484","https://openalex.org/W2109206523","https://openalex.org/W2109977913","https://openalex.org/W2111437636","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2114136064","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2114668172","https://openalex.org/W2115570566","https://openalex.org/W2116093010","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2120538351","https://openalex.org/W2122210092","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2122504306","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2126975755","https://openalex.org/W2130413976","https://openalex.org/W2132724073","https://openalex.org/W2133974927","https://openalex.org/W2134498732","https://openalex.org/W2136552597","https://openalex.org/W2140663467","https://openalex.org/W2141007997","https://openalex.org/W2143902665","https://openalex.org/W2144316471","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2148540126","https://openalex.org/W2148554370","https://openalex.org/W2151015671","https://openalex.org/W2151363315","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2160259754","https://openalex.org/W2160676411","https://openalex.org/W2160987310","https://openalex.org/W2162364899","https://openalex.org/W2163915185","https://openalex.org/W2164474247","https://openalex.org/W2167612686","https://openalex.org/W2173951838","https://openalex.org/W2176950688","https://openalex.org/W2186301176","https://openalex.org/W2187005605","https://openalex.org/W2234417453","https://openalex.org/W2251184341","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2293618063","https://openalex.org/W2296109721","https://openalex.org/W2296679031","https://openalex.org/W2310102669","https://openalex.org/W2317648909","https://openalex.org/W2326291605","https://openalex.org/W2341078838","https://openalex.org/W2346239344","https://openalex.org/W2367952659","https://openalex.org/W2380567717","https://openalex.org/W2399673194","https://openalex.org/W2399851972","https://openalex.org/W2400496102","https://openalex.org/W2401585477","https://openalex.org/W2406815001","https://openalex.org/W2462565033","https://openalex.org/W2467995757","https://openalex.org/W2468432491","https://openalex.org/W2469247205","https://openalex.org/W2470149935","https://openalex.org/W2528773445","https://openalex.org/W2529488695","https://openalex.org/W2570774740","https://openalex.org/W2572108213","https://openalex.org/W2585785990","https://openalex.org/W2586799220","https://openalex.org/W2590462354","https://openalex.org/W2593739814","https://openalex.org/W2596602780","https://openalex.org/W2597601064","https://openalex.org/W2605389978","https://openalex.org/W2606576226","https://openalex.org/W2606769376","https://openalex.org/W2606833494","https://openalex.org/W2607136846","https://openalex.org/W2608185370","https://openalex.org/W2610743175","https://openalex.org/W2612706554","https://openalex.org/W2612992329","https://openalex.org/W2621075239","https://openalex.org/W2621115474","https://openalex.org/W2622474949","https://openalex.org/W2622827166","https://openalex.org/W2623375817","https://openalex.org/W2725541287","https://openalex.org/W2727926256","https://openalex.org/W2728171060","https://openalex.org/W2729101176","https://openalex.org/W2736506089","https://openalex.org/W2742079690","https://openalex.org/W2743028754","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2751060233","https://openalex.org/W2753720671","https://openalex.org/W2768488789","https://openalex.org/W2769448511","https://openalex.org/W2770445088","https://openalex.org/W2771901310","https://openalex.org/W2774367601","https://openalex.org/W2785475154","https://openalex.org/W2787969497","https://openalex.org/W2789244308","https://openalex.org/W2790731199","https://openalex.org/W2791610528","https://openalex.org/W2794237618","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2799568506","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2805089815","https://openalex.org/W2880875857","https://openalex.org/W2888285200","https://openalex.org/W2888487581","https://openalex.org/W2898155085","https://openalex.org/W2904442979","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920854314","https://openalex.org/W2927599034","https://openalex.org/W2947607756","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W2953320089","https://openalex.org/W2953958347","https://openalex.org/W2954820957","https://openalex.org/W2955483668","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963563735","https://openalex.org/W2963716420","https://openalex.org/W2969181382","https://openalex.org/W2971258845","https://openalex.org/W2973431617","https://openalex.org/W2974146565","https://openalex.org/W2975249097","https://openalex.org/W2977393556","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W2993873509","https://openalex.org/W2995349381","https://openalex.org/W2998580448","https://openalex.org/W2999362542","https://openalex.org/W3013721505","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3028642961","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3103872694","https://openalex.org/W3128452405","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3145506661","https://openalex.org/W3215186461","https://openalex.org/W4213016248","https://openalex.org/W4238371447","https://openalex.org/W4243348914","https://openalex.org/W4250526791","https://openalex.org/W4300914574","https://openalex.org/W6600691311","https://openalex.org/W6603505381","https://openalex.org/W6605238759","https://openalex.org/W6606110517","https://openalex.org/W6607661414","https://openalex.org/W6622451501","https://openalex.org/W6627191510","https://openalex.org/W6627700791","https://openalex.org/W6628386076","https://openalex.org/W6631463386","https://openalex.org/W6638824847","https://openalex.org/W6645631226","https://openalex.org/W6674934153","https://openalex.org/W6677740983","https://openalex.org/W6680573176","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6682329216","https://openalex.org/W6686682713","https://openalex.org/W6698787104","https://openalex.org/W6703964793","https://openalex.org/W6712809684","https://openalex.org/W6713211351","https://openalex.org/W6713227583","https://openalex.org/W6713753431","https://openalex.org/W6737123006","https://openalex.org/W6738578494","https://openalex.org/W6742058293","https://openalex.org/W6745889158","https://openalex.org/W6748016297","https://openalex.org/W6748794704","https://openalex.org/W6752788575","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6761260114","https://openalex.org/W6764537895","https://openalex.org/W6764970959","https://openalex.org/W6775801281","https://openalex.org/W6777863237","https://openalex.org/W6790587931","https://openalex.org/W6885051540","https://openalex.org/W6987913809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389095033","https://openalex.org/W3140300071","https://openalex.org/W2018488738","https://openalex.org/W4200065965","https://openalex.org/W2129543081","https://openalex.org/W2085472103","https://openalex.org/W2567700705","https://openalex.org/W3124148945","https://openalex.org/W2167191881","https://openalex.org/W4389574659"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
