{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395660185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","title":"Class imbalance: A crucial factor affecting the performance of tea plantations mapping by machine learning","display_name":"Class imbalance: A crucial factor affecting the performance of tea plantations mapping by machine learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395660185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111182274","display_name":"Yuanjun Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjun Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045675946","display_name":"Jingfeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058651829","display_name":"Wei Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-9065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049033557","display_name":"Ran Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-8492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048982202","display_name":"Qi Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3199-5410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3199-5410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008478900","display_name":"Chang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1527-2148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108146841","display_name":"Shengcheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengcheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045675946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"apc_paid":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"fwci":4.881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95541115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":null,"first_page":"103849","last_page":"103849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9065999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.7711146473884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7129201292991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.57764732837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5717481374740601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5717250108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5171922445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4911944568157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4812740683555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4397214949131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.41441529989242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.40439948439598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3155040144920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.267727255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.163184255361557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.7711146473884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7129201292991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.57764732837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5717481374740601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5717250108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5171922445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4911944568157196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4812740683555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4397214949131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.41441529989242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.40439948439598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3155040144920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.267727255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.163184255361557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d12982c29254b7e8414d634ccc26fdf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d12982c29254b7e8414d634ccc26fdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol 129, Iss , Pp 103849- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301481830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4327359954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021C02036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5955760667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991999752","https://openalex.org/W1998979050","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2081620141","https://openalex.org/W2106136950","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2325639965","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2607721373","https://openalex.org/W2614060139","https://openalex.org/W2759949249","https://openalex.org/W2766296277","https://openalex.org/W2890048270","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2943395140","https://openalex.org/W2950099657","https://openalex.org/W2973253973","https://openalex.org/W2977491464","https://openalex.org/W3010606970","https://openalex.org/W3023713374","https://openalex.org/W3111049267","https://openalex.org/W3111180383","https://openalex.org/W3177251144","https://openalex.org/W3198008232","https://openalex.org/W3206165964","https://openalex.org/W4210771511","https://openalex.org/W4212842281","https://openalex.org/W4226084339","https://openalex.org/W4230683138","https://openalex.org/W4230983570","https://openalex.org/W4283217355","https://openalex.org/W4313421210","https://openalex.org/W4313502625","https://openalex.org/W4321597545","https://openalex.org/W4376287610","https://openalex.org/W4378450140","https://openalex.org/W4382280881","https://openalex.org/W4391246604","https://openalex.org/W6637965938","https://openalex.org/W6672515906","https://openalex.org/W6677088747","https://openalex.org/W6679745481","https://openalex.org/W6704419150","https://openalex.org/W6737053028","https://openalex.org/W6754922160","https://openalex.org/W6797658068","https://openalex.org/W6843735874","https://openalex.org/W6853317914","https://openalex.org/W6910681941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401045170","https://openalex.org/W3172259201","https://openalex.org/W2903618681","https://openalex.org/W3184937791","https://openalex.org/W4401052546","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W4313289487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,86,91,131,252],"disparities":[2],"in":[3,15,21,37,106,142,256],"area":[4],"among":[5,174],"various":[6,72],"land":[7],"cover":[8],"types,":[9],"class":[10,69],"imbalance":[11,70],"has":[12],"always":[13],"existed":[14],"crop":[16,259],"mapping":[17,36,94],"research,":[18],"posing":[19],"uncertainties":[20],"extracting":[22],"minority":[23,97,249],"classes":[24],"which":[25,178],"occupy":[26],"a":[27,45,88,186,217],"smaller":[28],"area.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,241],"paper,":[32],"taking":[33],"tea":[34,149,182],"plantations":[35,150,183],"Hangzhou":[38],"city":[39],"as":[40],"an":[41],"example,":[42],"we":[43],"created":[44,233],"series":[46],"of":[47,68,96,112,126,139,188,191,195,200,213,227,240,248],"training":[48,144,202],"datasets":[49,232],"with":[50,109,185],"different":[51],"imbalance-ratios":[52],"(IRs),":[53],"compared":[54],"the":[55,58,66,93,110,113,115,124,137,143,148,161,175,180,198,201,214,228,235,246],"accuracy":[56,95,255],"between":[57],"extraction":[59,151],"models":[60],"using":[61,160,216,230],"these":[62],"datasets,":[63],"and":[64,83,120,123,167,193,221],"analyzed":[65],"impact":[67],"on":[71],"machine":[73],"learning":[74],"algorithms":[75],"(Artificial":[76],"Neural":[77],"Network,":[78],"Decision":[79],"Tree,":[80],"Random":[81],"Forest":[82],"XGBoost),":[84],"aiming":[85],"provide":[87],"feasible":[89],"approach":[90],"improve":[92,147],"classes.":[98],"The":[99,206,238],"leave-one-out":[100],"cross":[101],"validation":[102],"results":[103],"showed":[104],"that":[105,134,212,226],"most":[107],"cases,":[108],"increase":[111,125],"IR,":[114],"model\u2019s":[116],"F2-score":[117,194],"first":[118],"increased":[119],"then":[121],"decreased,":[122],"F2-scores":[127],"ranged":[128],"from":[129],"0.2%":[130],"29.2%,":[132],"suggesting":[133],"moderately":[135],"increasing":[136],"number":[138],"other":[140],"samples":[141,164],"dataset":[145,203,219],"can":[146,155],"accuracy.":[152],"Consistent":[153],"result":[154],"also":[156],"be":[157],"obtained":[158],"by":[159,234],"whole":[162],"city\u2019s":[163],"for":[165,245],"modeling":[166],"random":[168],"sampling":[169],"validation.":[170],"XGBoost":[171],"performed":[172],"best":[173],"four":[176],"algorithms,":[177],"yielded":[179],"optimal":[181],"map":[184],"PA":[187],"97%,":[189],"UA":[190,207],"93%":[192],"96%":[196],"when":[197],"IR":[199],"was":[204,208,222],"6.":[205],"19%":[209],"higher":[210,224,254],"than":[211,225],"model":[215,229],"balanced":[218],"(IR=1)":[220],"11%":[223],"pseudo-balanced":[231],"oversampling":[236],"method.":[237],"conclusions":[239],"study":[242],"offer":[243],"insights":[244],"identification":[247],"classes,":[250],"contributing":[251],"achieving":[253],"remote":[257],"sensing":[258],"mapping.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}