{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210353669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","title":"Filling gaps of black-sky surface albedo of the Arctic sea ice using gradient boosting and brightness temperature data","display_name":"Filling gaps of black-sky surface albedo of the Arctic sea ice using gradient boosting and brightness temperature data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210353669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748483","display_name":"Emmihenna J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-3372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmihenna J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072045352","display_name":"Terhikki Manninen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-9122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terhikki Manninen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002114513","display_name":"Janne Hakkarainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-8985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janne Hakkarainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066054979","display_name":"Johanna Tamminen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Tamminen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008748483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"],"apc_list":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"apc_paid":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"fwci":1.4958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.792373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":null,"first_page":"102701","last_page":"102701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","score":0.6239798665046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6036578416824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5693551301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-albedo","display_name":"Cloud albedo","score":0.5538210868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-zenith-angle","display_name":"Solar zenith angle","score":0.5474763512611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5049074292182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.48767411708831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.4846251904964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.46015599370002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4576737582683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.4379737377166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4147307872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.34549766778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33017563819885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.31714388728141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24037370085716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2326240837574005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16441303491592407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.6239798665046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6036578416824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5693551301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75115192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798127","display_name":"Cloud albedo","level":4,"score":0.5538210868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776573159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556691","display_name":"Solar zenith angle","level":2,"score":0.5474763512611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5049074292182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.48767411708831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.4846251904964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.46015599370002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4576737582683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.4379737377166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4147307872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.34549766778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33017563819885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31714388728141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24037370085716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2326240837574005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16441303491592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b0682e951f348cba29589c1fb2573e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b0682e951f348cba29589c1fb2573e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol 107, Iss , Pp 102701- (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"1569-8432","issn":["1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543965954","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1963752973","https://openalex.org/W1965671915","https://openalex.org/W1973737190","https://openalex.org/W1990114660","https://openalex.org/W1993775374","https://openalex.org/W2001246447","https://openalex.org/W2018015533","https://openalex.org/W2028843131","https://openalex.org/W2046033161","https://openalex.org/W2049942885","https://openalex.org/W2059957979","https://openalex.org/W2068251166","https://openalex.org/W2070386482","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2075598559","https://openalex.org/W2098940775","https://openalex.org/W2100052788","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2138448722","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2179031038","https://openalex.org/W2347060746","https://openalex.org/W2396049358","https://openalex.org/W2564901692","https://openalex.org/W2565795498","https://openalex.org/W2613117632","https://openalex.org/W2763510078","https://openalex.org/W2791827521","https://openalex.org/W2891577860","https://openalex.org/W2894140629","https://openalex.org/W2903680558","https://openalex.org/W2928894771","https://openalex.org/W2974157540","https://openalex.org/W2996781720","https://openalex.org/W3017374302","https://openalex.org/W3099527008","https://openalex.org/W3109987391","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6885121228","https://openalex.org/W6902592385","https://openalex.org/W6924613969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030197634","https://openalex.org/W2113239655","https://openalex.org/W2061243739","https://openalex.org/W2003066846","https://openalex.org/W1966436640","https://openalex.org/W1967653985","https://openalex.org/W4251093118","https://openalex.org/W2995459357","https://openalex.org/W207044156","https://openalex.org/W2001276154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"albedo":[1,21,75,103,136,248],"is":[2,12,46,254,279],"a":[3,13,16,280],"necessary":[4],"parameter":[5],"for":[6,15],"climate":[7],"studies":[8],"and":[9,25,108,123,154,187,194,219,238,287,291],"modeling.":[10],"There":[11],"need":[14],"full":[17],"spatial":[18],"coverage":[19],"of":[20,70,78,93,249],"data,":[22,286],"but":[23],"clouds":[24],"high":[26],"solar":[27],"zenith":[28],"angle":[29],"cause":[30],"missing":[31,100,285],"values":[32,137,157],"to":[33,47,64,97,128,161,168,174,182,217,225,235,244,266,283],"the":[34,40,65,71,79,91,94,119,199,250,258,267,288],"optical":[35],"satellite":[36],"products,":[37],"especially":[38],"around":[39,242],"polar":[41],"areas.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"our":[44],"motivation":[45],"develop":[48],"gap":[49],"filling":[50],"models.":[51,145],"For":[52],"that":[53,206,276],"purpose,":[54],"we":[55,274],"will":[56],"apply":[57],"monthly":[58,104,134,141],"gradient":[59],"boosting":[60],"(GB)":[61],"based":[62,152,208],"models":[63,96,117],"Arctic":[66,201],"sea":[67,109,202,252,292],"ice":[68,110,203,253,293],"area":[69,204],"34":[72],"years":[73],"long":[74],"time":[76],"series":[77],"Satellite":[80],"Application":[81],"Facility":[82],"on":[83,271],"Climate":[84],"Monitoring":[85],"(CM":[86],"SAF)":[87],"project.":[88],"We":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"ability":[92],"GB":[95,116,151,207,259,277],"accurately":[98],"fill":[99,284],"data":[101,300],"using":[102],"mean,":[105],"brightness":[106,289],"temperature,":[107],"concentration":[111,294],"as":[112,133],"model":[113,298],"inputs.":[114],"Monthly":[115],"produce":[118],"most":[120],"unbiased,":[121],"precise,":[122],"robust":[124],"estimates":[125,130,139,153,186,209,229],"when":[126],"compared":[127,167,265],"alternative":[129],"presented,":[131],"such":[132],"mean":[135,147,192,263],"or":[138],"from":[140,159,172,180,215,223,241],"linear":[142],"regression":[143],"(LR)":[144],"The":[146],"relative":[148,169],"differences":[149,170,193,214,231],"between":[150,184,233],"original":[155,188],"pentad":[156,189],"vary":[158],"\u221220%":[160,173],"20%":[162],"with":[163,177,261],"RMSE":[164,178],"being":[165],"0.048,":[166],"varying":[171,179,232,240],"over":[175,198,236,245],"60%":[176],"0.054":[181],"0.074":[183],"other":[185,228],"values.":[190],"Pixelwise":[191],"standard":[195],"deviations":[196],"(std)":[197],"whole":[200],"show":[205,275],"are":[210,295],"more":[211,220],"accurate":[212],"(mean":[213,230],"\u22120.02":[216],"0.02)":[218],"precise":[221],"(std":[222],"0.02":[224],"0.08)":[226],"than":[227],"\u22120.05":[234],"0.05,":[237],"std":[239],"0.03":[243],"0.1).":[246],"Also,":[247],"melting":[251],"predicted":[255],"better":[256],"by":[257],"model,":[260],"negligible":[262],"differences,":[264],"LR":[268],"model.":[269],"Based":[270],"these":[272],"results,":[273],"method":[278],"useful":[281,296],"technique":[282],"temperature":[290],"additional":[297],"input":[299],"sources.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}