{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165858664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001","title":"Privacy-preserving RAG via multi-agent semantic rewriting: Achieving confidentiality without compromising contextual fidelity","display_name":"Privacy-preserving RAG via multi-agent semantic rewriting: Achieving confidentiality without compromising contextual fidelity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165858664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111219486","display_name":"Yuanzhang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3613-9469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4476-0018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139359421","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049951454","display_name":"Huafei Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468579","display_name":"Derek F. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek F. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLP2CT Lab, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-7322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP2CT Lab, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139351992","display_name":"Jianbin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070240426","display_name":"Tao Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-4253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of International Language Services Studies, Macau Millennium College, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-4253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of International Language Services Studies, Macau Millennium College, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070240426","https://openalex.org/A5139351992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82190297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"105001","last_page":"105001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3650999963283539,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3650999963283539,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.09539999812841415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.3449000120162964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778493491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449072","display_name":"Semantic matching","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4482867121696472,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W3155807546","https://openalex.org/W3217305727","https://openalex.org/W4317898419","https://openalex.org/W4385570209","https://openalex.org/W4388778348","https://openalex.org/W4389519389","https://openalex.org/W4389520346","https://openalex.org/W4401042773","https://openalex.org/W4402670423","https://openalex.org/W4402670856","https://openalex.org/W4404784426","https://openalex.org/W4408977202","https://openalex.org/W4409657176","https://openalex.org/W4413119021","https://openalex.org/W4413364980","https://openalex.org/W4413995246","https://openalex.org/W4415797389","https://openalex.org/W4416035746","https://openalex.org/W4416568579","https://openalex.org/W4416632091","https://openalex.org/W4417137151","https://openalex.org/W4417322637","https://openalex.org/W7108223299"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T06:22:25.796415","created_date":"2026-06-26T00:00:00"}
