{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408201723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","title":"UMetaBE-DPPML: Urban metaverse &amp; blockchain-enabled decentralised privacy-preserving machine learning verification and authentication with metaverse immersive devices","display_name":"UMetaBE-DPPML: Urban metaverse &amp; blockchain-enabled decentralised privacy-preserving machine learning verification and authentication with metaverse immersive devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408201723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067503334","display_name":"Kaya Kuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaya Kuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaya Kuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaya Kuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaan Kuru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaan Kuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaan Kuru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaan Kuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.854974,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.8354214429855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.686975359916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6080644130706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5634227395057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43682777881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3054664134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.14857110381126404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.8354214429855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.686975359916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6080644130706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5634227395057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43682777881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3054664134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.14857110381126404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:54497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4166>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:83cb845fc8c64f3a860f1fbb71f5d3e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/83cb845fc8c64f3a860f1fbb71f5d3e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 47-86 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.02.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W2053279442","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2072561200","https://openalex.org/W2091056430","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2136394324","https://openalex.org/W2233194383","https://openalex.org/W2293066912","https://openalex.org/W2296377172","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2752737474","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2805804251","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2914374206","https://openalex.org/W2917996064","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2942506930","https://openalex.org/W2951832089","https://openalex.org/W2971401030","https://openalex.org/W3002624900","https://openalex.org/W3013109186","https://openalex.org/W3031354173","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3104515094","https://openalex.org/W3104924399","https://openalex.org/W3111995211","https://openalex.org/W3173023358","https://openalex.org/W3173128495","https://openalex.org/W3177260159","https://openalex.org/W3197929164","https://openalex.org/W4206484811","https://openalex.org/W4210788152","https://openalex.org/W4221082970","https://openalex.org/W4224330100","https://openalex.org/W4225434615","https://openalex.org/W4226053047","https://openalex.org/W4226225860","https://openalex.org/W4280497827","https://openalex.org/W4280557323","https://openalex.org/W4285196740","https://openalex.org/W4285234632","https://openalex.org/W4286521035","https://openalex.org/W4294710679","https://openalex.org/W4294891500","https://openalex.org/W4295308663","https://openalex.org/W4295788720","https://openalex.org/W4307938996","https://openalex.org/W4309030584","https://openalex.org/W4309484364","https://openalex.org/W4310250833","https://openalex.org/W4312100473","https://openalex.org/W4312233775","https://openalex.org/W4312474588","https://openalex.org/W4312489257","https://openalex.org/W4312706139","https://openalex.org/W4312829727","https://openalex.org/W4312949427","https://openalex.org/W4313121243","https://openalex.org/W4313214798","https://openalex.org/W4313404355","https://openalex.org/W4318953579","https://openalex.org/W4319986951","https://openalex.org/W4320525735","https://openalex.org/W4322630570","https://openalex.org/W4324134909","https://openalex.org/W4362469838","https://openalex.org/W4368232273","https://openalex.org/W4384080833","https://openalex.org/W4385324014","https://openalex.org/W4386736682","https://openalex.org/W4387412876","https://openalex.org/W4387918049","https://openalex.org/W4388240348","https://openalex.org/W4388948384","https://openalex.org/W4389040699","https://openalex.org/W4389428766","https://openalex.org/W4389545134","https://openalex.org/W4391697107","https://openalex.org/W4401508203","https://openalex.org/W4402753605","https://openalex.org/W4404102238","https://openalex.org/W4405975138","https://openalex.org/W4406388716","https://openalex.org/W6639246211","https://openalex.org/W6689691597","https://openalex.org/W6764183248","https://openalex.org/W6785638424","https://openalex.org/W6787072513","https://openalex.org/W6797503909","https://openalex.org/W6797777637","https://openalex.org/W6839816010","https://openalex.org/W6848070901","https://openalex.org/W6850126360","https://openalex.org/W6855769463","https://openalex.org/W6857148265","https://openalex.org/W6859860222","https://openalex.org/W6871514124","https://openalex.org/W6873020052","https://openalex.org/W6873490061","https://openalex.org/W6876197048","https://openalex.org/W6891797237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2912135041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"anticipated":[2],"that":[3,172],"cybercrime":[4],"activities":[5],"will":[6,211],"be":[7,80,212],"widespread":[8],"in":[9,55,101,158,176],"the":[10,56,74,102,110,118,121,163,173,177,221],"urban":[11,36,57],"metaverse":[12,37,58,75,229],"ecosystem":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,108,130],"its":[16,26],"high":[17],"economic":[18],"value":[19],"with":[20,29,162,206,214],"new":[21],"types":[22],"of":[23,32,88,112,120,123,134,189,218],"assets":[24],"and":[25,46,69,78,86,95,125,137,187],"immersive":[27,76,126,201,230],"nature":[28],"a":[30,61,113,159,215,233],"variety":[31],"experiences.":[33],"Ensuring":[34],"reliable":[35],"cyberspaces":[38],"requires":[39],"addressing":[40],"two":[41],"critical":[42],"challenges,":[43],"namely,":[44],"cybersecurity":[45],"privacy":[47],"protection.":[48],"This":[49],"study,":[50],"by":[51,143],"analysing":[52],"potential":[53],"cyberthreats":[54],"cyberspaces,":[59],"proposes":[60],"blockchain-based":[62],"Decentralised":[63],"Privacy-Preserving":[64],"Machine":[65],"Learning":[66,97],"(DPPML)":[67],"authentication":[68],"verification":[70,119],"methodology,":[71],"which":[72],"uses":[73],"devices":[77,231],"can":[79,180],"instrumented":[81],"effectively":[82],"against":[83],"identity":[84,185],"impersonation":[85],"theft":[87,188],"credentials,":[89],"identity,":[90],"or":[91,191,200],"avatars.":[92],"Blockchain":[93],"technology":[94],"Federated":[96],"(FL)":[98],"are":[99],"merged":[100],"developed":[103,148],"DPPML":[104,178],"approach":[105,179],"not":[106],"only":[107],"eliminate":[109],"requirement":[111],"trusted":[114],"third":[115],"party":[116],"for":[117],"authenticity":[122],"transactions":[124,196],"actions,":[127],"but":[128],"also,":[129],"avoid":[131],"Single":[132],"Point":[133],"Failure":[135],"(SPoF)":[136],"Generative":[138],"Adversarial":[139],"Networks":[140],"(GAN)":[141],"attacks":[142],"detecting":[144],"malicious":[145],"nodes.":[146],"The":[147,168,208],"methodology":[149],"has":[150],"been":[151,198,204],"tested":[152,213],"using":[153,226],"Motion":[154],"Capture":[155],"Suits":[156],"(MoCaps)":[157],"co-simulation":[160],"environment":[161],"Proof-of-Work":[164],"(PoW)":[165],"consensus":[166,224],"mechanism.":[167],"preliminary":[169],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"built":[174],"techniques":[175],"prevent":[181],"unreal":[182],"transactions,":[183],"impersonation,":[184],"theft,":[186],"credentials":[190],"avatars":[192],"promptly":[193],"before":[194],"any":[195],"have":[197,203],"executed":[199],"experiences":[202],"shared":[205],"others.":[207],"proposed":[209],"system":[210],"larger":[216],"number":[217],"nodes":[219],"involving":[220],"Proof-of-Stake":[222],"(PoS)":[223],"mechanism":[225],"several":[227],"other":[228],"as":[232],"future":[234],"job.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-03-07T00:00:00"}
