{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281630533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","title":"Convergence of Blockchain, k-medoids and homomorphic encryption for privacy preserving biomedical data classification","display_name":"Convergence of Blockchain, k-medoids and homomorphic encryption for privacy preserving biomedical data classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281630533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047046300","display_name":"Shamima Akter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-5197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shamima Akter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-5197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017151135","display_name":"Farhana Reza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5518804","display_name":"BRAC University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sge8677","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5518804"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhana Reza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5518804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013320618","display_name":"Manik Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-7256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manik Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-7256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047046300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96847944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8480620384216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7845045328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medoid","display_name":"Medoid","score":0.5871973037719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5800502896308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.47894054651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4613720178604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45474645495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3851551413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18189260363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.16219618916511536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8480620384216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7845045328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63085389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4287912","display_name":"Medoid","level":3,"score":0.5871973037719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5800502896308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.47894054651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4613720178604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45474645495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3851551413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18189260363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.16219618916511536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33ec56e8e6bd40adad70aaea717d4804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33ec56e8e6bd40adad70aaea717d4804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 99-110 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.05.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180977","display_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2667-3452","issn":["2667-3452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031738616","https://openalex.org/W2147667726","https://openalex.org/W2230451675","https://openalex.org/W2770638201","https://openalex.org/W2804093830","https://openalex.org/W2891591987","https://openalex.org/W2914452207","https://openalex.org/W2915778496","https://openalex.org/W2950847865","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2966953451","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3033417100","https://openalex.org/W3033872153","https://openalex.org/W3034294619","https://openalex.org/W3106542468","https://openalex.org/W3113271382","https://openalex.org/W3119922393","https://openalex.org/W3133202919","https://openalex.org/W3137551185","https://openalex.org/W3140753276","https://openalex.org/W3166176762","https://openalex.org/W3173128495","https://openalex.org/W3173527383","https://openalex.org/W3190854914","https://openalex.org/W3217392036","https://openalex.org/W4206336222","https://openalex.org/W4210263513","https://openalex.org/W4210667080","https://openalex.org/W4210857861","https://openalex.org/W4233030247","https://openalex.org/W4244998934","https://openalex.org/W4247596493","https://openalex.org/W4250223664","https://openalex.org/W4250821708","https://openalex.org/W4299602156","https://openalex.org/W4300349690","https://openalex.org/W4301409532","https://openalex.org/W6720608135","https://openalex.org/W6741441694","https://openalex.org/W6745364630","https://openalex.org/W6754140306","https://openalex.org/W6766533104","https://openalex.org/W6767307205","https://openalex.org/W6772518502","https://openalex.org/W6785814594","https://openalex.org/W6793636435","https://openalex.org/W6795218007","https://openalex.org/W6795607757","https://openalex.org/W6798306260","https://openalex.org/W6808060829","https://openalex.org/W6810509259","https://openalex.org/W6811319258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133849001","https://openalex.org/W2022056881","https://openalex.org/W2081066201","https://openalex.org/W3048556888","https://openalex.org/W1520302806","https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4324086039","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W2887779253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0,147,151,158],"privacy":[1,40,127],"on":[2,21,131],"the":[3,30,42,66,207,210,214,225,238],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,27,34,105,209],"Medical":[6],"Things":[7],"(IoMT)":[8],"remains":[9,41],"a":[10,37,47],"critical":[11],"concern":[12,44],"when":[13,45],"handling":[14],"biomedical":[15,139],"data.":[16,35],"While":[17],"extant":[18,239],"studies":[19],"focus":[20],"cryptography":[22],"and":[23,32,82,90,97,120,128,141,153,186,189,195],"differential":[24],"privacy,":[25],"few":[26],"them":[28],"capture":[29],"utility":[31],"authenticity":[33,89],"As":[36],"result,":[38],"data":[39,54,57,95,98,100,126,172],"primary":[43],"training":[46],"machine":[48],"learning":[49],"(ML)":[50],"model":[51],"with":[52,80],"IoMT":[53],"from":[55],"various":[56],"sources/owners":[58],"such":[59,218],"as":[60],"k":[61],"\u2212":[62,74,167],"medoids.":[63],"To":[64],"overcome":[65],"above-mentioned":[67],"issues,":[68],"this":[69],"study":[70,215],"proposes":[71],"secure":[72,111,115,118,121,165],"\u200bk":[73,166],"medoids":[75,168],"\u200bthat":[76],"are":[77,143,221],"implemented":[78],"together":[79],"Blockchain":[81],"partial":[83],"homomorphic":[84,103],"cryptosystem":[85],"(Paillier)":[86],"to":[87,109,124,231,237],"ensure":[88,125],"protect":[91],"all":[92],"entities":[93],"(i.e.,":[94,114],"owner":[96],"analyst)":[99],"privacy.":[101],"The":[102],"property":[104],"Paillier":[106],"is":[107],"utilized":[108,136],"develop":[110],"building":[112],"blocks":[113],"polynomial":[116],"operations,":[117],"comparison,":[119],"biasing":[122],"operations)":[123],"eliminate":[129],"dependency":[130],"any":[132],"third":[133],"parties.":[134],"We":[135],"three":[137],"different":[138],"datasets,":[140,198],"these":[142],"(I)":[144],"Heart":[145],"Disease":[146],"(HDD),":[148],"(II)":[149],"Diabetes":[150],"(DD),":[152],"(III)":[154],"Breast":[155],"Cancer":[156],"Wisconsin":[157],"(BCWD).":[159],"Rigorous":[160],"security":[161],"analysis":[162],"demonstrates":[163],"that":[164],"\u200bprotect":[169],"against":[170],"sensitive":[171],"breaches.":[173],"It":[174],"also":[175],"showed":[176],"superior":[177],"performance":[178,202,219],"in":[179,206],"both":[180],"BCWD":[181],"(Accuracy":[182,191],"97.80%,":[183],"Precision":[184,193],"96.83%,":[185],"Recall":[187,196],"99.80%)":[188],"HDD":[190],"82.50%,":[192],"81.28%,":[194],"80.50%)":[197],"respectively.":[199],"However,":[200],"similar":[201],"was":[203],"not":[204],"reflected":[205],"case":[208],"DD":[211],"dataset.":[212],"Furthermore,":[213],"explains":[216],"why":[217],"results":[220],"observed.":[222],"In":[223],"addition,":[224],"proposed":[226],"system":[227],"has":[228],"been":[229],"proven":[230],"take":[232],"less":[233],"execution":[234],"time":[235],"compared":[236],"studies.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}