{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416440120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540","title":"A framework for binary classification evaluation metrics","display_name":"A framework for binary classification evaluation metrics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416440120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5779321","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012390494","display_name":"Mohammad Shirdel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shirdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004266537","display_name":"Mario Di Mauro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-2601"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Di Mauro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-2601","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026941307","display_name":"Antonio Liotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-4421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Liotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-4421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026941307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"],"apc_list":{"value":3330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01754222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"749","issue":null,"first_page":"123540","last_page":"123540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.262800008058548,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.262800008058548,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.12319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5842999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.39070001244544983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6703000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5842999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201236551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310809","display_name":"Relative value","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2026.123540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5779321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5779321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5779321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5779321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116825089","https://openalex.org/W2137959503","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2606460416","https://openalex.org/W2609824096","https://openalex.org/W2888728157","https://openalex.org/W2907682287","https://openalex.org/W2975256032","https://openalex.org/W3193933289","https://openalex.org/W3215109731","https://openalex.org/W4205984196","https://openalex.org/W4225597912","https://openalex.org/W4281878156","https://openalex.org/W4283160212","https://openalex.org/W4366404999","https://openalex.org/W4399566232"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}