{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164757588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228","title":"VulnScout: Imbalance-aware source code vulnerability detection using pretrained code models and Deep Neural Network","display_name":"VulnScout: Imbalance-aware source code vulnerability detection using pretrained code models and Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164757588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138596722","display_name":"Muhammad Farhat Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4810-7883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Farhat Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4810-7883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076666454","display_name":"Maseeh Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maseeh Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-6068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081037175","display_name":"Ali Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah Road, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-2633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah Road, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138593616","display_name":"Sabeeh Ullah Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabeeh Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2461-5417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119049481","display_name":"Muhammad Ishtiaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ishtiaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-2071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138624819","display_name":"Hasan E. Rezwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1926-8069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan E Rezwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1926-8069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927122","display_name":"Weiqiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-5927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-5927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101927122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95958926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"198","issue":null,"first_page":"108228","last_page":"108228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.18889999389648438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.18790000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.31690001487731934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.694100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885030880","https://openalex.org/W3108563174","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W4210320978","https://openalex.org/W4223935973","https://openalex.org/W4283835231","https://openalex.org/W4313421210","https://openalex.org/W4384666235","https://openalex.org/W4386783507","https://openalex.org/W4394010871","https://openalex.org/W4396773505","https://openalex.org/W4402334343","https://openalex.org/W4402457571","https://openalex.org/W4404132849","https://openalex.org/W4408047557","https://openalex.org/W4409384710","https://openalex.org/W4409710423","https://openalex.org/W4411933109","https://openalex.org/W7160343604"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2026-06-15T00:00:00"}
