{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7141907486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","title":"A responsible AI-driven framework for robust and transparent software vulnerability detection","display_name":"A responsible AI-driven framework for robust and transparent software vulnerability detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7141907486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099320976","display_name":"Nihala Basheer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51216347","display_name":"Anglia Ruskin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0009t4v78","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nihala Basheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shareeful Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51216347","display_name":"Anglia Ruskin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0009t4v78","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shareeful Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130818640","display_name":"Prabhat Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-0752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046899691","display_name":"Danish Javeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-8188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Javeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-8188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130819260","display_name":"A.K.M. Najmul Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najmul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130818640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46941335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"195","issue":null,"first_page":"108126","last_page":"108126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.12309999763965607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.10260000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.2558000087738037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205010575","display_name":"Information and Software Technology","issn_l":"0950-5849","issn":["0950-5849","1873-6025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Software Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885030880","https://openalex.org/W4285333995","https://openalex.org/W4292158679","https://openalex.org/W4292748792","https://openalex.org/W4319879094","https://openalex.org/W4320060085","https://openalex.org/W4323546023","https://openalex.org/W4363673757","https://openalex.org/W4377984372","https://openalex.org/W4379051940","https://openalex.org/W4379056866","https://openalex.org/W4382051986","https://openalex.org/W4384155043","https://openalex.org/W4385325176","https://openalex.org/W4385357056","https://openalex.org/W4386783507","https://openalex.org/W4387298393","https://openalex.org/W4389571996","https://openalex.org/W4393931420","https://openalex.org/W4400614601","https://openalex.org/W4401018839","https://openalex.org/W4401711408"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context:":[0],"Software":[1],"vulnerability":[2,73,162,227],"detection":[3,23,66,74,146,228],"(SVD)":[4],"is":[5,30,88,104,112,126],"increasingly":[6],"challenged":[7],"by":[8,32],"the":[9,217],"scale":[10],"and":[11,37,48,62,83,95,99,133,137,154,168,214,222],"complexity":[12],"of":[13,225],"modern":[14],"software":[15],"systems.":[16,229],"Although":[17],"deep":[18,135,202],"learning\u2013based":[19,203],"approaches":[20],"demonstrate":[21,144],"strong":[22],"performance,":[24],"their":[25],"adoption":[26],"in":[27],"security-critical":[28],"settings":[29],"limited":[31],"insufficient":[33],"interpretability,":[34,59,209],"adversarial":[35,117,155],"resilience,":[36],"systematic":[38],"Responsible":[39,51,194],"AI":[40,195],"integration.":[41],"Objective:":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"aims":[45],"to":[46],"design":[47],"evaluate":[49],"a":[50,71],"AI\u2013driven":[52],"framework":[53,75,125,219],"for":[54],"SVD":[55,204],"that":[56,76,193],"operationalizes":[57],"fairness,":[58,208],"security,":[60],"reliability,":[61],"transparency":[63,215],"without":[64],"compromising":[65],"effectiveness.":[67],"Method:":[68],"We":[69],"propose":[70],"model-agnostic":[72],"incorporates":[77],"fairness-aware":[78],"data":[79],"preprocessing,":[80],"multi-model":[81],"evaluation,":[82,211],"structured":[84,152],"verification":[85],"mechanisms.":[86],"Interpretability":[87,158],"achieved":[89],"through":[90],"multi-view":[91],"explanations":[92],"combining":[93],"global":[94],"local":[96],"SHAP,":[97],"LIME,":[98],"attention-based":[100],"attribution.":[101],"Explanation":[102],"consistency":[103],"examined":[105],"using":[106],"attention-guided":[107],"token":[108,177],"occlusion,":[109],"while":[110,150],"security":[111,210],"evaluated":[113],"via":[114],"multiple":[115],"white-box":[116],"attacks":[118],"on":[119,128],"correctly":[120],"classified":[121],"test":[122],"samples.":[123],"The":[124,190],"validated":[127],"three":[129],"public":[130],"datasets\u2014CWE-119,":[131],"CWE-399,":[132],"DiverseVul\u2014using":[134],"learning":[136],"pre-trained":[138],"code":[139],"models.":[140],"Results:":[141],"Experimental":[142],"results":[143],"competitive":[145],"performance":[147,184],"across":[148],"datasets":[149],"providing":[151],"explanation":[153],"evaluation":[156],"evidence.":[157],"analyses":[159],"reveal":[160],"dataset-specific":[161],"cues":[163],"aligned":[164],"with":[165],"domain":[166],"knowledge,":[167],"perturbation":[169],"studies":[170],"show":[171],"consistent":[172],"confidence":[173],"shifts":[174],"under":[175,186],"controlled":[176],"masking.":[178],"Adversarial":[179],"experiments":[180],"further":[181],"illustrate":[182],"stable":[183],"trends":[185],"attack":[187],"conditions.":[188],"Conclusion:":[189],"findings":[191],"indicate":[192],"principles":[196],"can":[197],"be":[198],"systematically":[199],"operationalized":[200],"within":[201],"pipelines.":[205],"By":[206],"integrating":[207],"reliability":[212],"assessment,":[213],"mechanisms,":[216],"proposed":[218],"supports":[220],"trustworthy":[221],"security-aware":[223],"deployment":[224],"AI-driven":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2026-03-29T00:00:00"}
