{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160700004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468","title":"Reverse engineering for industrial control proprietary protocols based on multi-source knowledge fusion and LLM inference","display_name":"Reverse engineering for industrial control proprietary protocols based on multi-source knowledge fusion and LLM inference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160700004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7560371","display_name":"Information Fusion","issn_l":"1566-2535","issn":["1566-2535","1872-6305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111182256","display_name":"Yahui Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1210-8904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135781259","display_name":"Yangyang Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-3686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-3686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135763798","display_name":"Mufeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118281","display_name":"National Earthquake Response Support Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02gzvm828","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118281"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152112","display_name":"China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team","ror":"https://ror.org/010gf3m33","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mufeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Beijing, 100040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Beijing, 100040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118281","https://openalex.org/I4387152112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135742048","display_name":"Qiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, No. 62, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135763798","https://openalex.org/A5135781259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I4210118281","https://openalex.org/I4387152112"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40124057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":null,"first_page":"104468","last_page":"104468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.15780000388622284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.15780000388622284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.06780000030994415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.7702999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6460999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.33970001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.792900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.7702999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6460999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7560371","display_name":"Information Fusion","issn_l":"1566-2535","issn":["1566-2535","1872-6305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4096721410751343}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6961133220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252300420988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326952","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046640879","https://openalex.org/W2288490641","https://openalex.org/W3010991136","https://openalex.org/W3037282004","https://openalex.org/W3040824254","https://openalex.org/W4220837647","https://openalex.org/W4292971819","https://openalex.org/W4312050970","https://openalex.org/W4312752017","https://openalex.org/W4322721010","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4387872679","https://openalex.org/W4391248786","https://openalex.org/W4393115925","https://openalex.org/W4401889742","https://openalex.org/W4409537820","https://openalex.org/W4410295211","https://openalex.org/W4411523006"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2026-05-10T00:00:00"}