{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366262984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366262984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7560371","display_name":"Information Fusion","issn_l":"1566-2535","issn":["1566-2535","1872-6305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046303624","display_name":"Sajid Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023828527","display_name":"Tamer Abuhmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-4843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Abuhmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052265483","display_name":"Shaker El\u2013Sappagh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-1477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130009713","display_name":"Suez University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndhrx30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009028","display_name":"Galala University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3ne739","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaker El-Sappagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez 435611, Egypt","Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea","Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Banha 13518, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez 435611, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130009713","https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Laboratory (InfoLab), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Banha 13518, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632716","display_name":"Khan Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khan Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analytics for Knowledge Laboratory (VIS2KNOW Lab), Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analytics for Knowledge Laboratory (VIS2KNOW Lab), Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056892202","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-421X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. Alonso-Moral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R\u00faa de Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R\u00faa de Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070433751","display_name":"Roberto Confalonieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Confalonieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics \u2018Tullio Levi-Civita\u2019, University of Padua, Padova 35121, Italy","Department of Mathematics 'Tullio Levi-Civita', University of Padua, Padova 35121, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \u2018Tullio Levi-Civita\u2019, University of Padua, Padova 35121, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics 'Tullio Levi-Civita', University of Padua, Padova 35121, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091251187","display_name":"Riccardo Guidotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-7613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Guidotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017326471","display_name":"Javier Del Ser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124459","display_name":"Association of Electronic and Information Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02trgdk48","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124459"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Del Ser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain","TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058176171","display_name":"Natalia D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016749","display_name":"Francisco Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095677","https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023828527","https://openalex.org/A5101632716"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"fwci":236.646,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1414,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99995974,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":null,"first_page":"101805","last_page":"101805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.8516061902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7248508930206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6316542029380798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.27290117740631104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.8516061902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7248508930206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6316542029380798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27290117740631104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7560371","display_name":"Information Fusion","issn_l":"1566-2535","issn":["1566-2535","1872-6305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1176345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1176345","pdf_url":"https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/1176345/1/XAI_____Challenges.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/84480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84480","pdf_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/84480/1/1-s2.0-S1566253523001148-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"VoR"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3477670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3477670","pdf_url":"https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3477670/1/1-s2.0-S1566253523001148-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsp.tecnalia.com:11556/5061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11556/5061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402037","display_name":"TECNALIA Publications (Fundaci\u00f3n TECNALIA Research & Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","host_organization_name":"Tecnalia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7560371","display_name":"Information Fusion","issn_l":"1566-2535","issn":["1566-2535","1872-6305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1128486320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C1011198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1208298189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2020-0-01821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3527950697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2021-2020-0-01821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3978735513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C1011198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5217505250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-01821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":529,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39725046","https://openalex.org/W104847522","https://openalex.org/W141083031","https://openalex.org/W1034019924","https://openalex.org/W1197622812","https://openalex.org/W1497605902","https://openalex.org/W1501005121","https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W1546644035","https://openalex.org/W1559198035","https://openalex.org/W1585983533","https://openalex.org/W1660264423","https://openalex.org/W1727290854","https://openalex.org/W1751198022","https://openalex.org/W1772653913","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1789187189","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1851970720","https://openalex.org/W1901365844","https://openalex.org/W1927620212","https://openalex.org/W1966087765","https://openalex.org/W1967847904","https://openalex.org/W1968843430","https://openalex.org/W1971078475","https://openalex.org/W1971882425","https://openalex.org/W1975675278","https://openalex.org/W1981856831","https://openalex.org/W1988160630","https://openalex.org/W1989968174","https://openalex.org/W1990088911","https://openalex.org/W1993572674","https://openalex.org/W2000257498","https://openalex.org/W2001468398","https://openalex.org/W2013787102","https://openalex.org/W2021191744","https://openalex.org/W2026161499","https://openalex.org/W2026805626","https://openalex.org/W2029440072","https://openalex.org/W2034637247","https://openalex.org/W2036363240","https://openalex.org/W2036779186","https://openalex.org/W2041280856","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2046945713","https://openalex.org/W2053075547","https://openalex.org/W2054640944","https://openalex.org/W2058051343","https://openalex.org/W2058486605","https://openalex.org/W2060277733","https://openalex.org/W2063046703","https://openalex.org/W2063689928","https://openalex.org/W2069466022","https://openalex.org/W2070427365","https://openalex.org/W2083620785","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2084341220","https://openalex.org/W2084701050","https://openalex.org/W2088203270","https://openalex.org/W2090026354","https://openalex.org/W2092493343","https://openalex.org/W2096434649","https://openalex.org/W2096674496","https://openalex.org/W2100171245","https://openalex.org/W2110842818","https://openalex.org/W2111406701","https://openalex.org/W2112649152","https://openalex.org/W2118341388","https://openalex.org/W2119858020","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2125847307","https://openalex.org/W2129639577","https://openalex.org/W2131251708","https://openalex.org/W2133606111","https://openalex.org/W2134584261","https://openalex.org/W2134682899","https://openalex.org/W2135090752","https://openalex.org/W2140553307","https://openalex.org/W2142148616","https://openalex.org/W2145470394","https://openalex.org/W2150165932","https://openalex.org/W2150662287","https://openalex.org/W2154157725","https://openalex.org/W2158585626","https://openalex.org/W2158599326","https://openalex.org/W2159750251","https://openalex.org/W2163532598","https://openalex.org/W2164878629","https://openalex.org/W2166305015","https://openalex.org/W2170018669","https://openalex.org/W2186091528","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2191167248","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2240067561","https://openalex.org/W2251148681","https://openalex.org/W2255700062","https://openalex.org/W2259088801","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2295680652","https://openalex.org/W2309231107","https://openalex.org/W2318937711","https://openalex.org/W2327262288","https://openalex.org/W2343061342","https://openalex.org/W2367397349","https://openalex.org/W2394669110","https://openalex.org/W2398344594","https://openalex.org/W2420245003","https://openalex.org/W2435742192","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2479935243","https://openalex.org/W2481995907","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2504241250","https://openalex.org/W2536379393","https://openalex.org/W2536885573","https://openalex.org/W2542889218","https://openalex.org/W2551974706","https://openalex.org/W2553981914","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2576489192","https://openalex.org/W2587299461","https://openalex.org/W2588936615","https://openalex.org/W2592141406","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2599401705","https://openalex.org/W2601530120","https://openalex.org/W2606882704","https://openalex.org/W2607162077","https://openalex.org/W2607223307","https://openalex.org/W2608982575","https://openalex.org/W2610600445","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2725284386","https://openalex.org/W2740486019","https://openalex.org/W2742340224","https://openalex.org/W2751298778","https://openalex.org/W2752194699","https://openalex.org/W2752332392","https://openalex.org/W2753415590","https://openalex.org/W2754395205","https://openalex.org/W2762968537","https://openalex.org/W2764024122","https://openalex.org/W2767656849","https://openalex.org/W2768346313","https://openalex.org/W2769506033","https://openalex.org/W2783643842","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2787546749","https://openalex.org/W2787666871","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2792126732","https://openalex.org/W2792641098","https://openalex.org/W2793165286","https://openalex.org/W2793566095","https://openalex.org/W2795530988","https://openalex.org/W2795559220","https://openalex.org/W2798435682","https://openalex.org/W2802093198","https://openalex.org/W2807124908","https://openalex.org/W2809925683","https://openalex.org/W2810511505","https://openalex.org/W2810611310","https://openalex.org/W2869036160","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2892104346","https://openalex.org/W2899682268","https://openalex.org/W2902476877","https://openalex.org/W2910028250","https://openalex.org/W2910705748","https://openalex.org/W2911227954","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2913693384","https://openalex.org/W2914854991","https://openalex.org/W2916412776","https://openalex.org/W2916797267","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2918497321","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2939861854","https://openalex.org/W2941874280","https://openalex.org/W2942157335","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2943207870","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2951008357","https://openalex.org/W2951025380","https://openalex.org/W2952602496","https://openalex.org/W2954312269","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2958514452","https://openalex.org/W2959325723","https://openalex.org/W2960259221","https://openalex.org/W2962515681","https://openalex.org/W2962681511","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962843949","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962884579","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2963374347","https://openalex.org/W2963609017","https://openalex.org/W2963798744","https://openalex.org/W2963852406","https://openalex.org/W2963917042","https://openalex.org/W2964010828","https://openalex.org/W2964060211","https://openalex.org/W2964231383","https://openalex.org/W2964277809","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2966362896","https://openalex.org/W2968511602","https://openalex.org/W2969224142","https://openalex.org/W2969670093","https://openalex.org/W2970245929","https://openalex.org/W2971201880","https://openalex.org/W2972854536","https://openalex.org/W2973631113","https://openalex.org/W2981646383","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2984353433","https://openalex.org/W2984593886","https://openalex.org/W2991138092","https://openalex.org/W2994881943","https://openalex.org/W2995188596","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W2995739402","https://openalex.org/W2996514457","https://openalex.org/W2997560917","https://openalex.org/W2999362542","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3000716014","https://openalex.org/W3000965188","https://openalex.org/W3005340895","https://openalex.org/W3006064320","https://openalex.org/W3013308250","https://openalex.org/W3015977534","https://openalex.org/W3023001449","https://openalex.org/W3026235644","https://openalex.org/W3027472889","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3035517615","https://openalex.org/W3036453007","https://openalex.org/W3045238219","https://openalex.org/W3048102985","https://openalex.org/W3048549109","https://openalex.org/W3083483195","https://openalex.org/W3087507349","https://openalex.org/W3088014761","https://openalex.org/W3088836971","https://openalex.org/W3088909400","https://openalex.org/W3093718041","https://openalex.org/W3093861859","https://openalex.org/W3096301653","https://openalex.org/W3096580368","https://openalex.org/W3100035092","https://openalex.org/W3101366597","https://openalex.org/W3101981467","https://openalex.org/W3102272852","https://openalex.org/W3103708104","https://openalex.org/W3111875263","https://openalex.org/W3112230406","https://openalex.org/W3116073702","https://openalex.org/W3116131084","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3119566555","https://openalex.org/W3121410165","https://openalex.org/W3123487819","https://openalex.org/W3124373176","https://openalex.org/W3124474911","https://openalex.org/W3125069671","https://openalex.org/W3125145238","https://openalex.org/W3125997628","https://openalex.org/W3128172745","https://openalex.org/W3128845074","https://openalex.org/W3130784583","https://openalex.org/W3131457744","https://openalex.org/W3132091045","https://openalex.org/W3134165704","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3136603773","https://openalex.org/W3137125108","https://openalex.org/W3138247573","https://openalex.org/W3140914962","https://openalex.org/W3141424297","https://openalex.org/W3144635834","https://openalex.org/W3150957536","https://openalex.org/W3157438020","https://openalex.org/W3159960173","https://openalex.org/W3160005967","https://openalex.org/W3164846705","https://openalex.org/W3165174133","https://openalex.org/W3165596704","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3171322366","https://openalex.org/W3173849000","https://openalex.org/W3173989598","https://openalex.org/W3176482836","https://openalex.org/W3176714582","https://openalex.org/W3177765094","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3182546273","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3186197713","https://openalex.org/W3186608063","https://openalex.org/W3188740654","https://openalex.org/W3189411510","https://openalex.org/W3190528386","https://openalex.org/W3195567601","https://openalex.org/W3195625625","https://openalex.org/W3196674861","https://openalex.org/W3197347140","https://openalex.org/W3199384803","https://openalex.org/W3199693875","https://openalex.org/W3200028717","https://openalex.org/W3206150780","https://openalex.org/W3207455395","https://openalex.org/W3209901185","https://openalex.org/W3210179814","https://openalex.org/W3211108032","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3214172001","https://openalex.org/W3214404698","https://openalex.org/W3214886350","https://openalex.org/W4200545033","https://openalex.org/W4206210655","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4211254520","https://openalex.org/W4213069590","https://openalex.org/W4221159886","https://openalex.org/W4224035735","https://openalex.org/W4224984798","https://openalex.org/W4225150645","https://openalex.org/W4229585545","https://openalex.org/W4229658218","https://openalex.org/W4233311511","https://openalex.org/W4233635718","https://openalex.org/W4234836739","https://openalex.org/W4237501282","https://openalex.org/W4237711877","https://openalex.org/W4241307704","https://openalex.org/W4241536761","https://openalex.org/W4243742982","https://openalex.org/W4244296837","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4246855866","https://openalex.org/W4249103910","https://openalex.org/W4249616221","https://openalex.org/W4250852845","https://openalex.org/W4253050311","https://openalex.org/W4281651175","https://openalex.org/W4282045566","https://openalex.org/W4285138359","https://openalex.org/W4285292424","https://openalex.org/W4285605356","https://openalex.org/W4285605600","https://openalex.org/W4287071543","https://openalex.org/W4287101833","https://openalex.org/W4287120154","https://openalex.org/W4287552728","https://openalex.org/W4287690455","https://openalex.org/W4288109975","https://openalex.org/W4288281523","https://openalex.org/W4289123308","https://openalex.org/W4289258965","https://openalex.org/W4289699961","https://openalex.org/W4290091102","https://openalex.org/W4290716979","https://openalex.org/W4293187584","https://openalex.org/W4293583991","https://openalex.org/W4294152847","https://openalex.org/W4295808856","https://openalex.org/W4296437236","https://openalex.org/W4296978576","https://openalex.org/W4298084898","https://openalex.org/W4298135002","https://openalex.org/W4298325995","https://openalex.org/W4299700722","https://openalex.org/W4299960064","https://openalex.org/W4300071243","https://openalex.org/W4301329292","https://openalex.org/W4301886741","https://openalex.org/W4303520951","https://openalex.org/W4307212054","https://openalex.org/W4307715223","https://openalex.org/W4308211566","https://openalex.org/W4309730097","https://openalex.org/W4311007707","https://openalex.org/W4312078640","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4315652684","https://openalex.org/W4321786089","https://openalex.org/W4387045351","https://openalex.org/W4399542245","https://openalex.org/W4402843978","https://openalex.org/W6600195515","https://openalex.org/W6600463257","https://openalex.org/W6600755281","https://openalex.org/W6601180101","https://openalex.org/W6605930311","https://openalex.org/W6607228506","https://openalex.org/W6628457283","https://openalex.org/W6630029578","https://openalex.org/W6630042463","https://openalex.org/W6632684193","https://openalex.org/W6632862115","https://openalex.org/W6636450001","https://openalex.org/W6636624178","https://openalex.org/W6638318767","https://openalex.org/W6639150290","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6639532027","https://openalex.org/W6649059865","https://openalex.org/W6649167079","https://openalex.org/W6649607263","https://openalex.org/W6657057155","https://openalex.org/W6658447929","https://openalex.org/W6664883116","https://openalex.org/W6671501477","https://openalex.org/W6672875251","https://openalex.org/W6676837882","https://openalex.org/W6678970506","https://openalex.org/W6679488046","https://openalex.org/W6680897752","https://openalex.org/W6680935700","https://openalex.org/W6681608319","https://openalex.org/W6683300840","https://openalex.org/W6683840350","https://openalex.org/W6683891005","https://openalex.org/W6684375713","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6686773393","https://openalex.org/W6689773805","https://openalex.org/W6694177581","https://openalex.org/W6698285091","https://openalex.org/W6702325253","https://openalex.org/W6718322557","https://openalex.org/W6723408873","https://openalex.org/W6725585552","https://openalex.org/W6727581327","https://openalex.org/W6729378101","https://openalex.org/W6730035438","https://openalex.org/W6733843106","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6736261838","https://openalex.org/W6736299503","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6737425980","https://openalex.org/W6737630699","https://openalex.org/W6738884579","https://openalex.org/W6743846187","https://openalex.org/W6745027582","https://openalex.org/W6745124860","https://openalex.org/W6745615791","https://openalex.org/W6745730051","https://openalex.org/W6748377460","https://openalex.org/W6749230409","https://openalex.org/W6750391026","https://openalex.org/W6751691560","https://openalex.org/W6751923991","https://openalex.org/W6752296505","https://openalex.org/W6753724168","https://openalex.org/W6753827819","https://openalex.org/W6754561974","https://openalex.org/W6754944715","https://openalex.org/W6756383013","https://openalex.org/W6756865505","https://openalex.org/W6759028731","https://openalex.org/W6759934792","https://openalex.org/W6761706265","https://openalex.org/W6762929394","https://openalex.org/W6763118746","https://openalex.org/W6766110768","https://openalex.org/W6766341068","https://openalex.org/W6766726207","https://openalex.org/W6770707355","https://openalex.org/W6770880833","https://openalex.org/W6770935282","https://openalex.org/W6771360904","https://openalex.org/W6775319339","https://openalex.org/W6775960533","https://openalex.org/W6777449117","https://openalex.org/W6781661520","https://openalex.org/W6783539938","https://openalex.org/W6783810041","https://openalex.org/W6785321556","https://openalex.org/W6785551027","https://openalex.org/W6786681004","https://openalex.org/W6787537624","https://openalex.org/W6790392911","https://openalex.org/W6791761724","https://openalex.org/W6792159351","https://openalex.org/W6792897429","https://openalex.org/W6794311445","https://openalex.org/W6794854402","https://openalex.org/W6795036653","https://openalex.org/W6795115008","https://openalex.org/W6796788747","https://openalex.org/W6798234632","https://openalex.org/W6799939869","https://openalex.org/W6800076165","https://openalex.org/W6800374573","https://openalex.org/W6800580532","https://openalex.org/W6800624463","https://openalex.org/W6801121502","https://openalex.org/W6801579290","https://openalex.org/W6803350981","https://openalex.org/W6808834343","https://openalex.org/W6810346512","https://openalex.org/W6810454615","https://openalex.org/W6810494246","https://openalex.org/W6810707450","https://openalex.org/W6810711151","https://openalex.org/W6810868861","https://openalex.org/W6811107879","https://openalex.org/W6811245561","https://openalex.org/W6822655377","https://openalex.org/W6834628200","https://openalex.org/W6839743314","https://openalex.org/W6842513943","https://openalex.org/W6843068068","https://openalex.org/W6844489059","https://openalex.org/W6982758030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2076536433","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"is":[3,34,221,278],"currently":[4],"being":[5],"utilized":[6],"in":[7,56,72,114,130,156,211,260,286],"a":[8,64,136,171,265,272],"wide":[9,266],"range":[10,267],"of":[11,17,82,124,147,187,209,213,240,268,274],"sophisticated":[12],"applications,":[13],"but":[14,91],"the":[15,38,46,69,80,102,125,145,207],"outcomes":[16],"many":[18],"AI":[19,42,50,57,70,289],"models":[20,58,290],"are":[21,284,302],"challenging":[22],"to":[23,28,36,234,308],"comprehend":[24],"and":[25,87,109,128,151,184,200,218,243,257,263],"trust":[26,55],"due":[27],"their":[29,288],"black-box":[30],"nature.":[31],"Usually,":[32],"it":[33],"essential":[35],"understand":[37],"reasoning":[39],"behind":[40],"an":[41,122],"model\u2019s":[43],"decision-making.":[44],"Thus,":[45],"need":[47],"for":[48,53,158,230,304],"eXplainable":[49],"(XAI)":[51],"methods":[52,90,307],"improving":[54],"has":[59,62],"arisen.":[60],"XAI":[61,107,157,165,225,241,281,306],"become":[63],"popular":[65],"research":[66,127,204,269],"subject":[67],"within":[68],"field":[71],"recent":[73],"years.":[74],"Existing":[75],"survey":[76],"papers":[77],"have":[78,93,99],"tackled":[79],"concepts":[81],"XAI,":[83,148],"its":[84],"general":[85],"terms,":[86],"post-hoc":[88,182],"explainability":[89,210],"there":[92],"not":[94],"been":[95],"any":[96],"reviews":[97],"that":[98],"looked":[100],"at":[101,249,280],"assessment":[103,186],"methods,":[104],"available":[105,192],"tools,":[106],"datasets,":[108],"other":[110,299],"related":[111],"aspects.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"this":[115,131],"comprehensive":[116],"study,":[117],"we":[118],"provide":[119],"readers":[120],"with":[121,135,202,311],"overview":[123],"current":[126],"trends":[129],"rapidly":[132],"emerging":[133],"area":[134],"case":[137],"study":[138,141],"example.":[139],"The":[140,162,276],"starts":[142],"by":[143,247],"explaining":[144],"background":[146],"common":[149],"definitions,":[150],"summarizing":[152],"recently":[153],"proposed":[154],"techniques":[155,166,242],"supervised":[159],"machine":[160],"learning.":[161],"review":[163],"divides":[164],"into":[167],"four":[168],"axes":[169],"using":[170,264],"hierarchical":[172],"categorization":[173],"system:":[174],"(i)":[175],"data":[176],"explainability,":[177,180,183],"(ii)":[178],"model":[179],"(iii)":[181],"(iv)":[185],"explanations.":[188],"We":[189],"also":[190],"introduce":[191],"evaluation":[193,244],"metrics":[194],"as":[195,197,224,271,293,295],"well":[196,294],"open-source":[198],"packages":[199],"datasets":[201],"future":[203],"directions.":[205],"Then,":[206],"significance":[208],"terms":[212],"legal":[214],"demands,":[215],"user":[216,236],"viewpoints,":[217],"application":[219],"orientation":[220],"outlined,":[222],"termed":[223],"concerns.":[226],"This":[227],"paper":[228],"advocates":[229],"tailoring":[231],"explanation":[232],"content":[233],"specific":[235],"types.":[237],"An":[238],"examination":[239],"was":[245],"conducted":[246],"looking":[248,303],"410":[250],"critical":[251],"articles,":[252],"published":[253],"between":[254],"January":[255],"2016":[256],"October":[258],"2022,":[259],"reputed":[261],"journals":[262],"databases":[270],"source":[273],"information.":[275],"article":[277],"aimed":[279],"researchers":[282,297],"who":[283,301],"interested":[285],"making":[287],"more":[291],"trustworthy,":[292],"towards":[296],"from":[298,316],"disciplines":[300],"effective":[305],"complete":[309],"tasks":[310],"confidence":[312],"while":[313],"communicating":[314],"meaning":[315],"data.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":202},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":677},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":453},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":82}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
