{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165383404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","title":"Large language models exhibit greater diagnostic anchoring than physicians in a forced-choice vignette study","display_name":"Large language models exhibit greater diagnostic anchoring than physicians in a forced-choice vignette study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165383404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42335861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093646135","display_name":"Alexander Sheppert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117233","display_name":"Vancouver Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk94m81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Sheppert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA. Electronic address: alsheppe@lhs.org"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-1611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA. Electronic address: alsheppe@lhs.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631743","display_name":"Christine Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117233","display_name":"Vancouver Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk94m81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-6676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139021305","display_name":"Erik Geissal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117233","display_name":"Vancouver Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk94m81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Geissal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126695633","display_name":"Craig Riley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117233","display_name":"Vancouver Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk94m81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126698094","display_name":"Sylvia Riley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117233","display_name":"Vancouver Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qk94m81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legacy Health, 2211 NE 139th Street, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; The Vancouver Clinic, 700 NE 87th Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98664, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093646135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117233"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75584495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"219","issue":null,"first_page":"106550","last_page":"106550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.4124000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.4124000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vignette","display_name":"Vignette","score":0.8192999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anchoring","display_name":"Anchoring","score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-privacy","display_name":"Patient privacy","score":0.2849000096321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.8192999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18483071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168432","display_name":"Anchoring","level":2,"score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910417920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116434","display_name":"Patient privacy","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42335861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42335861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of medical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.563372015953064,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967291734","https://openalex.org/W2016831595","https://openalex.org/W2058627066","https://openalex.org/W2141222241","https://openalex.org/W2143547677","https://openalex.org/W2496722354","https://openalex.org/W2981561315","https://openalex.org/W3196796091","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W4323030608","https://openalex.org/W4382011028","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4384626331","https://openalex.org/W4385379701","https://openalex.org/W4392504747","https://openalex.org/W4392655718","https://openalex.org/W4392915068","https://openalex.org/W4399070654","https://openalex.org/W4399356353","https://openalex.org/W4401857176","https://openalex.org/W4408568938","https://openalex.org/W4413409315"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-25T06:16:34.145877","created_date":"2026-06-20T00:00:00"}