{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164207600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","title":"European cancer data sharing: Analyses of an international survey","display_name":"European cancer data sharing: Analyses of an international survey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164207600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42284829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130843620","display_name":"Larson Hogstrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larson Hogstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138309143","display_name":"Arvydas Laurinavicius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvydas Laurinavicius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130853474","display_name":"Miguel  Giraldez Alvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090436","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena","ror":"https://ror.org/016p83279","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090436"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Giraldez Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiotherapy Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8901-6154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiotherapy Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031803655","display_name":"Sigve Nakken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigve Nakken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-2050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009893625","display_name":"Ingrid Jenny Guldvik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Jenny Guldvik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001205818","display_name":"Carlos M\u00edguez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-8860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090436","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena","ror":"https://ror.org/016p83279","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090436"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Miguez Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiotherapy Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiotherapy Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073690629","display_name":"Olga Papadodima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-4270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127711","display_name":"National Hellenic Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/033m02g29","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127711"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Papadodima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016450841","display_name":"Konstantinos Voutetakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-7381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127711","display_name":"National Hellenic Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/033m02g29","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127711"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Voutetakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-7381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069504692","display_name":"Per Magnus M\u00e6hle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Magnus M\u00e6hle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084211296","display_name":"Norman Zerbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139777","display_name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/0493xsw21","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139777","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Zerbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; European Society of Digital and Integrative Pathology, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; European Society of Digital and Integrative Pathology, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025168401","display_name":"Mario \u0160ekerija","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-1501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098658","display_name":"Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo","ror":"https://ror.org/00h4fkb86","country_code":"HR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104481","display_name":"National and University Library in Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/01ereaj97","country_code":"HR","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104481"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario \u0160ekerija","raw_affiliation_strings":["Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatian National Cancer Registry, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-1501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatian National Cancer Registry, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104481","https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069907085","display_name":"Ane Fullaondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2921-0226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089430","display_name":"BioCruces Health research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0061s4v88","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ane Fullaondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2921-0226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083493986","display_name":"Eivind Hovig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-1077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eivind Hovig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ehovig@uio.no"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-1077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ehovig@uio.no","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083493986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83787799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"218","issue":null,"first_page":"106544","last_page":"106544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.06769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.06629999727010727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-incidence","display_name":"Cancer incidence","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-registry","display_name":"Cancer registry","score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.28060001134872437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992704333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382717","display_name":"Cancer incidence","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777216955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18351911","display_name":"International comparisons","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017977704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18745135","display_name":"Health data","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42284829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42284829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of medical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4546603858470917}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096283457","https://openalex.org/W2149908785","https://openalex.org/W2158681922","https://openalex.org/W2920180483","https://openalex.org/W3006500278","https://openalex.org/W3130572827","https://openalex.org/W3154174315","https://openalex.org/W3156802851","https://openalex.org/W3175438176","https://openalex.org/W4226207875","https://openalex.org/W4286750174","https://openalex.org/W4308188317","https://openalex.org/W4319602397","https://openalex.org/W4328135909","https://openalex.org/W4387461516","https://openalex.org/W4388605950","https://openalex.org/W4389359264","https://openalex.org/W4394011113","https://openalex.org/W4401649484","https://openalex.org/W4411462803","https://openalex.org/W4414085356","https://openalex.org/W4414395269","https://openalex.org/W7117677328"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Clinical":[1],"and":[2,37,67,92,122,152],"biomarker":[3],"data":[4,13,31,34,47,54,77,132,135],"sharing":[5,14,32,114],"across":[6,26],"institutions":[7,25,42,110],"accelerates":[8],"cancer":[9,24,131,158],"research,":[10],"yet":[11],"European":[12,28,130,141],"practices":[15],"are":[16,125,154],"not":[17],"well":[18],"characterized.":[19],"METHODS:":[20],"We":[21],"surveyed":[22],"75":[23],"23":[27],"countries":[29],"on":[30],"practices,":[33],"standards":[35,55,136],"adoption,":[36],"perceived":[38],"challenges.":[39],"RESULTS:":[40],"Most":[41],"(>80":[43],"%)":[44,91],"actively":[45],"share":[46],"for":[48],"research.":[49],"However,":[50],"adoption":[51,137],"of":[52,109],"clinical":[53],"remains":[56],"fragmented:":[57],"only":[58],"33":[59],"%":[60,69,108],"use":[61,70],"Fast":[62],"Healthcare":[63],"Interoperability":[64],"Resources":[65],"(FHIR)":[66],"21":[68],"the":[71,126],"Observational":[72],"Medical":[73],"Outcomes":[74],"Partnership":[75],"(OMOP)":[76],"model.":[78],"The":[79,97],"top":[80],"non-technical":[81],"hurdles":[82],"were":[83],"General":[84],"Data":[85,143],"Protection":[86],"Regulation":[87],"(GDPR)":[88],"compliance":[89,121],"(31":[90],"legal":[93,123,149],"challenges":[94],"(24":[95],"%).":[96,104],"leading":[98],"technical":[99],"hurdle":[100],"was":[101],"interoperability":[102],"(35":[103],"Despite":[105],"challenges,":[106],"77":[107],"aim":[111],"to":[112,129,140,156],"expand":[113],"capabilities.":[115],"CONCLUSIONS:":[116],"Among":[117],"those":[118],"surveyed,":[119],"GDPR":[120],"complexity":[124],"dominant":[127],"barriers":[128],"sharing.":[133],"Inconsistent":[134],"poses":[138],"risks":[139],"Health":[142],"Space":[144],"(EHDS)":[145],"implementation.":[146],"Investments":[147],"in":[148],"support,":[150],"interoperability,":[151],"personnel":[153],"needed":[155],"advance":[157],"research":[159],"networking.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}
