{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130433936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","title":"Digital twin applications in healthcare for people living with disability","display_name":"Digital twin applications in healthcare for people living with disability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130433936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41722355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076095176","display_name":"David B. Olawade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-9836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David B. Olawade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Research and Innovation, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, York St John University, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.olawade@uel.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-9836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Research and Innovation, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, York St John University, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.olawade@uel.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067026196","display_name":"Saria Almarzook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161945","display_name":"Department of Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01xyp9n09","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saria Almarzook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Care Management, School of Leadership and Service Industry Management, Arden University, Dessauer Stra\u00dfe 3-5, 10963 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Care Management, School of Leadership and Service Industry Management, Arden University, Dessauer Stra\u00dfe 3-5, 10963 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120336875","display_name":"Muyiwa Ademola Ogunbona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muyiwa Ademola Ogunbona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125994425","display_name":"Babajide David Makanjuola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","display_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wt1929","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babajide David Makanjuola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheffield Business School, Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheffield Business School, Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield City Centre, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123204159","display_name":"Olabanke Florence Olawuyi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olabanke Florence Olawuyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126291058","display_name":"Ojima Z. Wada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ojima Z. Wada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; Global Eco-Oasis Sustainable Initiative (GESI), Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; Global Eco-Oasis Sustainable Initiative (GESI), Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076095176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"fwci":10.8485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97247556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"212","issue":null,"first_page":"106359","last_page":"106359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.48249998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.48249998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.041600000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-delivery","display_name":"Healthcare delivery","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ehealth","display_name":"eHealth","score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-issues","display_name":"Ethical issues","score":0.2955000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018457447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Healthcare delivery","level":3,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99527880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781118","display_name":"Universal design","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984730517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Preventive care","level":3,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012656","descriptor_name":"Self-Help Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41722355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41722355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of medical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ray.yorksj.ac.uk:14129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-9836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400356","display_name":"Research at York St John (York St John University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124246371","host_organization_name":"York St John University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124246371"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2346172431","https://openalex.org/W2501183647","https://openalex.org/W2786689981","https://openalex.org/W2808904300","https://openalex.org/W2912655119","https://openalex.org/W2972370294","https://openalex.org/W2983582968","https://openalex.org/W3011239518","https://openalex.org/W3123098613","https://openalex.org/W3159064895","https://openalex.org/W3164800436","https://openalex.org/W3187869435","https://openalex.org/W3212148341","https://openalex.org/W4205892300","https://openalex.org/W4206600480","https://openalex.org/W4221037592","https://openalex.org/W4226322878","https://openalex.org/W4285390610","https://openalex.org/W4292236560","https://openalex.org/W4293114631","https://openalex.org/W4296913260","https://openalex.org/W4309738732","https://openalex.org/W4321372272","https://openalex.org/W4378078050","https://openalex.org/W4386211804","https://openalex.org/W4386280880","https://openalex.org/W4386602772","https://openalex.org/W4387880578","https://openalex.org/W4390014060","https://openalex.org/W4390704119","https://openalex.org/W4391692547","https://openalex.org/W4392630768","https://openalex.org/W4393094536","https://openalex.org/W4396219868","https://openalex.org/W4396583111","https://openalex.org/W4396877927","https://openalex.org/W4398169659","https://openalex.org/W4399679793","https://openalex.org/W4400874725","https://openalex.org/W4401459163","https://openalex.org/W4402415103","https://openalex.org/W4402452119","https://openalex.org/W4402666098","https://openalex.org/W4403948420","https://openalex.org/W4403982835","https://openalex.org/W4403982849","https://openalex.org/W4404114011","https://openalex.org/W4404210946","https://openalex.org/W4404228046","https://openalex.org/W4404724291","https://openalex.org/W4405584294","https://openalex.org/W4407251854","https://openalex.org/W4407863144","https://openalex.org/W4408042608","https://openalex.org/W4408170545","https://openalex.org/W4408544933","https://openalex.org/W4409640280","https://openalex.org/W4410923130","https://openalex.org/W4411449113","https://openalex.org/W4412520032","https://openalex.org/W4412565735","https://openalex.org/W4413284967","https://openalex.org/W4413415121","https://openalex.org/W4413435968","https://openalex.org/W4414190171"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Digital":[1,134,208],"twin":[2,46,77,127,135,209],"technology":[3,47,78,158,210],"represents":[4],"a":[5],"transformative":[6,212],"innovation":[7],"in":[8,79,129,137,162],"healthcare,":[9,216],"creating":[10],"virtual":[11,178],"replicas":[12],"of":[13,44,57,75,106],"physical":[14],"entities":[15],"that":[16],"enable":[17],"real-time":[18],"monitoring,":[19,34],"prediction,":[20],"and":[21,38,60,72,104,116,122,153,171,186,204,220,230,253],"personalised":[22],"intervention.":[23],"People":[24],"living":[25,84],"with":[26,48,85,259],"disability":[27,49,130,138,215,239],"face":[28],"multifaceted":[29],"healthcare":[30,50,80,131,139],"challenges":[31,195,232],"requiring":[32],"continuous":[33],"adaptive":[35],"assistive":[36,145,169],"technologies,":[37,170],"individualised":[39],"treatment":[40],"approaches.":[41],"The":[42,108,157],"convergence":[43],"digital":[45,76,126],"presents":[51],"unprecedented":[52],"opportunities":[53],"for":[54,82,189,214,237],"enhancing":[55],"quality":[56],"life,":[58],"independence,":[59],"clinical":[61,246],"outcomes.":[62],"AIM:":[63],"This":[64],"review":[65,90,109],"examines":[66],"the":[67],"current":[68],"applications,":[69],"benefits,":[70],"challenges,":[71],"future":[73],"directions":[74],"delivery":[81],"people":[83],"disability.":[86],"METHOD:":[87],"A":[88],"narrative":[89],"methodology":[91],"was":[92],"employed,":[93],"synthesising":[94],"literature":[95],"from":[96],"academic":[97],"databases":[98],"including":[99,143,196],"PubMed,":[100],"IEEE":[101],"Xplore,":[102],"Scopus,":[103],"Web":[105],"Science.":[107],"encompassed":[110],"peer":[111],"reviewed":[112],"articles,":[113],"conference":[114],"proceedings,":[115],"technical":[117],"reports":[118],"published":[119],"between":[120],"2015":[121],"2025,":[123],"focusing":[124],"on":[125],"implementations":[128],"contexts.":[132],"RESULTS:":[133],"applications":[136,176],"span":[140],"multiple":[141],"domains,":[142],"rehabilitation,":[144],"device":[146],"optimisation,":[147,182],"cognitive":[148],"support":[149],"systems,":[150],"mobility":[151],"enhancement,":[152],"chronic":[154],"condition":[155],"management.":[156],"demonstrates":[159],"significant":[160],"potential":[161,213],"personalising":[163],"interventions,":[164],"predicting":[165],"health":[166],"deteriorations,":[167],"optimising":[168],"facilitating":[172],"remote":[173],"monitoring.":[174],"Key":[175],"include":[177,244],"prosthetic":[179],"fitting,":[180],"wheelchair":[181],"rehabilitation":[183],"progress":[184],"tracking,":[185],"predictive":[187],"analytics":[188],"secondary":[190],"complications.":[191],"However,":[192],"implementation":[193,225],"faces":[194],"data":[197],"privacy":[198],"concerns,":[199],"technological":[200],"accessibility,":[201],"interoperability":[202],"issues,":[203],"cost":[205],"barriers.":[206],"CONCLUSION:":[207],"offers":[211],"enabling":[217],"personalised,":[218],"predictive,":[219],"preventive":[221],"care":[222,260],"models.":[223],"Successful":[224],"requires":[226],"addressing":[227],"technological,":[228],"ethical,":[229],"accessibility":[231],"whilst":[233],"ensuring":[234],"equitable":[235],"access":[236],"diverse":[238],"populations.":[240],"Critical":[241],"research":[242],"priorities":[243],"large-scale":[245],"trials,":[247],"cost-effectiveness":[248],"analyses,":[249],"longitudinal":[250],"outcomes":[251],"studies,":[252],"ethical":[254],"frameworks":[255],"balancing":[256],"surveillance":[257],"concerns":[258],"benefits.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}
