{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128367926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","title":"Large language models as second reviewers for medical errors in real-world internal medicine reports: a prospective comparative study of open- and closed-source models","display_name":"Large language models as second reviewers for medical errors in real-world internal medicine reports: a prospective comparative study of open- and closed-source models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128367926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048285544","display_name":"Roko \u0160krabi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roko Skrabic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital of Split, Department for Nephrology, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital of Split, Department for Nephrology, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086805536","display_name":"Ivan Viculin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Viculin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital of Split, Department for Pulmonary Disease, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital of Split, Department for Pulmonary Disease, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032148497","display_name":"Zvonimir Boban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1766-0120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zvonimir Boban","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Spli School of Medicine, Department for Biophysics, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Spli School of Medicine, Department for Biophysics, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026120846","display_name":"Marko Kumri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-3359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Kumric","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital of Split, Department for Cardiology, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital of Split, Department for Cardiology, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067004245","display_name":"Marino Vilovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marino Vilovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031328791","display_name":"Josip Vrdoljak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-7233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josip Vrdoljak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia. Electronic address: josip.vrdoljak@mefst.hr"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia. Electronic address: josip.vrdoljak@mefst.hr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108734451","display_name":"Jo\u0161ko Bo\u017ei\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92251255","display_name":"University of Split","ror":"https://ror.org/00m31ft63","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josko Bozic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Split School of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology, Split, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031328791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92251255"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46353582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"211","issue":null,"first_page":"106316","last_page":"106316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.43880000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.43880000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.15279999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.13009999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-model","display_name":"Internal model","score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"Patient safety","score":0.28439998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5491999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28427503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580300","display_name":"Internal model","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985722590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical knowledge","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780358146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5908738","display_name":"Hospital medicine","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007388","descriptor_name":"Internal Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019300","descriptor_name":"Medical Errors","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41655522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of medical informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977988233","https://openalex.org/W4391174596","https://openalex.org/W4391568984","https://openalex.org/W4400189660","https://openalex.org/W4406904319","https://openalex.org/W4406908094","https://openalex.org/W4407792220","https://openalex.org/W4408286179","https://openalex.org/W4408591745","https://openalex.org/W4408742155","https://openalex.org/W4410286683","https://openalex.org/W4410542414"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-11T14:41:00.668223","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}