{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015148313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","title":"Automated ICD coding via unsupervised knowledge integration (UNITE)","display_name":"Automated ICD coding via unsupervised knowledge integration (UNITE)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015148313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","mag":"3015148313","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32361145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9410729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090191943","display_name":"Aar\u00f3n Sonabend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-9082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Sonabend W","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102359363","display_name":"Winston Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802372703","display_name":"Bronx High School of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/026xz9f02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802372703"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winston Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bronx Science, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bronx Science, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802372703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008601756","display_name":"Yuri Ahuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-0421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Ahuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073977144","display_name":"Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-1821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Ananthakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069572535","display_name":"Zongqi Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1500-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongqi Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040501126","display_name":"Sheng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Data Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Data Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Data Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Data Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052512997","display_name":"Chuan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-9559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: chuan_hong@hms.harvard.edu","Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: chuan_hong@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052512997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93670044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"139","issue":null,"first_page":"104135","last_page":"104135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.501800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.501800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.20589999854564667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.09070000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.8502244353294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7508033514022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6511142253875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6213701963424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5756527781486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5044485330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biobank","display_name":"Biobank","score":0.4753791391849518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-classification","display_name":"Medical classification","score":0.4610741436481476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3862941861152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17082753777503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.16025444865226746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.8502244353294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7508033514022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6511142253875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6213701963424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5756527781486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5044485330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.4753791391849518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154874363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518464","display_name":"Medical classification","level":2,"score":0.4610741436481476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3862941861152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17082753777503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.16025444865226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D038801","descriptor_name":"International Classification of Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D038801","descriptor_name":"International Classification of Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D038801","descriptor_name":"International Classification of Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53142634","display_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","issn_l":"1386-5056","issn":["1386-5056","1872-8243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32361145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32361145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of medical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9410729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9410729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Med Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9410729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9410729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Med Inform","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2835887597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 NS098023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W998863157","https://openalex.org/W1519328795","https://openalex.org/W1541322638","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1922876297","https://openalex.org/W1997057722","https://openalex.org/W2007666495","https://openalex.org/W2040249527","https://openalex.org/W2105637130","https://openalex.org/W2132116671","https://openalex.org/W2154048976","https://openalex.org/W2234524676","https://openalex.org/W2327091741","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2412530888","https://openalex.org/W2520392019","https://openalex.org/W2559582770","https://openalex.org/W2786554073","https://openalex.org/W2788290136","https://openalex.org/W2796398651","https://openalex.org/W2804842126","https://openalex.org/W2894910307","https://openalex.org/W2913694856","https://openalex.org/W2914048174","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2962912956","https://openalex.org/W2997522493","https://openalex.org/W2998704965","https://openalex.org/W4255428302","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293582125","https://openalex.org/W6625866564","https://openalex.org/W6631084889","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6640268543","https://openalex.org/W6652227797","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6744560608","https://openalex.org/W6749905111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1814740154","https://openalex.org/W3031494915","https://openalex.org/W2265172224","https://openalex.org/W2412024162","https://openalex.org/W3031763252","https://openalex.org/W4226145506","https://openalex.org/W2244353837","https://openalex.org/W2347612500","https://openalex.org/W2604748422","https://openalex.org/W3205118888"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2020-04-10T00:00:00"}