{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128922421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077","title":"Mapping the structure of student burnout in online learning: An integrated Gaussian model and directed acyclic graph approach","display_name":"Mapping the structure of student burnout in online learning: An integrated Gaussian model and directed acyclic graph approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128922421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166850901","display_name":"The Internet and Higher Education","issn_l":"1096-7516","issn":["1096-7516","1873-5525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Internet and Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126016079","display_name":"Yaxin Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxin Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120884699","display_name":"Changqin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changqin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030349821","display_name":"Yafeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126016167","display_name":"Gwo-Jen Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34574549","display_name":"National Taichung University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/006tnfe02","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwo-Jen Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120884699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":4670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.0398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99760149,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"101077","last_page":"101077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.5394999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.5394999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.048700001090765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"Burnout","score":0.804099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-exhaustion","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/math-education","display_name":"Math education","score":0.3612000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.804099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88519622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776232","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","level":3,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984408293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Math education","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146380142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137726","display_name":"Directed graph","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205096519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207650","display_name":"Autodidacticism","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2026.101077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166850901","display_name":"The Internet and Higher Education","issn_l":"1096-7516","issn":["1096-7516","1873-5525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Internet and Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7580263614654541,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335958","display_name":"Ministry of Education Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972107693","https://openalex.org/W1978710835","https://openalex.org/W2026556585","https://openalex.org/W2062536744","https://openalex.org/W2109642229","https://openalex.org/W2142897908","https://openalex.org/W2159269032","https://openalex.org/W2168192898","https://openalex.org/W2214459822","https://openalex.org/W2469324137","https://openalex.org/W2616641613","https://openalex.org/W2618202739","https://openalex.org/W2733934157","https://openalex.org/W2770306218","https://openalex.org/W2795897604","https://openalex.org/W2801359717","https://openalex.org/W2894013570","https://openalex.org/W2932325396","https://openalex.org/W2963120510","https://openalex.org/W2963966769","https://openalex.org/W2967775628","https://openalex.org/W2981862574","https://openalex.org/W3013946867","https://openalex.org/W3019559272","https://openalex.org/W3036870406","https://openalex.org/W3086458808","https://openalex.org/W3109240613","https://openalex.org/W3110805963","https://openalex.org/W3164953131","https://openalex.org/W3171304097","https://openalex.org/W3208468813","https://openalex.org/W3215074047","https://openalex.org/W4200056546","https://openalex.org/W4224865602","https://openalex.org/W4225775378","https://openalex.org/W4280555348","https://openalex.org/W4281922155","https://openalex.org/W4289833682","https://openalex.org/W4296114912","https://openalex.org/W4311373098","https://openalex.org/W4312222617","https://openalex.org/W4327978335","https://openalex.org/W4366609086","https://openalex.org/W4376610795","https://openalex.org/W4381987793","https://openalex.org/W4385552807","https://openalex.org/W4386272876","https://openalex.org/W4386376715","https://openalex.org/W4390665343","https://openalex.org/W4390863507","https://openalex.org/W4391895805","https://openalex.org/W4392757138","https://openalex.org/W4399882697","https://openalex.org/W4401248506","https://openalex.org/W4401961940","https://openalex.org/W4402169099","https://openalex.org/W4402404955","https://openalex.org/W4402738249","https://openalex.org/W4403483986","https://openalex.org/W4403962037","https://openalex.org/W4404753093","https://openalex.org/W4404958042","https://openalex.org/W4406161672","https://openalex.org/W4407931166","https://openalex.org/W4407935721","https://openalex.org/W4408775896","https://openalex.org/W4409339162","https://openalex.org/W4409343612","https://openalex.org/W4416619208"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-02-15T00:00:00"}